Knowledge economy (KE) has been a central issue in the political-economic literature of advanced economies, but little research focused on transition towards KE Africa. Using latent profile analysis, six clusters were found region. The range from very prepared with good performance all dimensions (institutional, education, and innovation output) to unprepared low each dimension. Lastly, we offe...

Information is crucial to establishing a circular economy. For example, the design engineer must access information regarding recycling processes. Other stakeholders need on former use and treat product according intended purpose within This article will describe impact decisions their effects It further how extract provide data from process phase of product, finally transfer this into knowledg...