I n a recent issue of PNAS, Maia and McClelland (1) report findings that raise questions regarding the interpretation of a highly influential neuropsychological study of decisionmaking behavior (2). That study has been interpreted widely as evidence that decision-making behavior is governed by emotional factors outside of awareness. The impact of Maia and McClelland’s study is not so much to ch...

How should one understand knowledge-wh ascriptions? That is, how should one understand claims such as ‘‘I know where the car is parked,’’ which feature an interrogative complement? The received view is that knowledge-wh reduces to knowledge that p, where p happens to be the answer to the question Q denoted by the wh-clause. I will argue that knowledge-wh includes the question—to know-wh is to k...

In this paper, we propose a single-agent logic of goal-directed knowing how extending the standard epistemic logic of knowing that with a new knowing how operator. The semantics of the new operator is based on the idea that knowing how to achieve φ means that there exists a (uniform) strategy such that the agent knows that it can make sure φ. We give an intuitive axiomatization of our logic and...

Policy makers are primarily interested in fluctuations in the level of activity  the classical cycle. Academics have in recent times focused their efforts on studying fluctuations and comovement in aggregate variables that have been rendered stationary after some appropriate transformation. That is academics focus on the growth cycle. One reason for this shift in focus was the impression among...