The study used a vehicle-based driving simulator to evaluate two graphical displays, one showing risk probability in terms of safety margin (Time Headway, TH), and one showing risk severity in terms of Kinetic Energy (KE). Twenty-seven subjects were randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions: Control, TH, and KE. Subjects undertook three driving tasks (ABA design). For the secon...

The acknowledged success of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) allosteric model stems from its efficacy in accounting for the functional behavior of many complex proteins starting with hemoglobin (the paradigmatic case) and extending to channels and receptors. The kinetic aspects of the allosteric model, however, have been often neglected, with the exception of hemoglobin and a few other proteins w...

Reported values of the dissociation constant, K(d), of ATP with the E1 conformation of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase fall in two distinct ranges depending on how it is measured. Equilibrium binding studies yield values of 0.1-0.6 microM, whereas presteady-state kinetic studies yield values of 3-14 microM. It is unacceptable that K(d) varies with the experimental method of its determination. Using simul...

Kinetic processes play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of molecular layers. In this perspective we argue that adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo is a powerful simulation technique for determining key kinetic processes in molecular solids. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by simulating the diffusion of a CO admolecule on a water ice surface, which is an important process f...

Kinetic friction during dry sliding along atomistic-scale Al 001 /Al 001 and -Al2O3 0001 / -Al2O3 0001 interfaces has been investigated using molecular dynamics MD with recently developed Reactive Force Fields ReaxFF . It is of interest to determine if kinetic friction variations predicted with MD follow the macroscopic-scale friction laws known as Coulomb’s law for dry sliding and Stokes’ fric...

A novel approach which had foreground of industrialization, surface liquid spraying, was studied in this paper to prepare biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres for controlled release drug delivery system. To compare with the normal methods, the microspheres prepared by this approach were characterized by particle size distribution and photograph of microscope. The relati...

Kinetic behaviors of five Lactobacillus strains were investigated with Contois and Exponential models. Awareness of kinetic behavior of microorganisms is essential for their industrial process design and scale up. The consistency of experimental data was evaluated using Excel software. L. bulgaricus was introduced as the most efficient strain with the highest biomass and lactic acid yield of 0....

A beta-glycosidase of a thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 1, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme (Ttbetagly) has a broad substrate specificity towards beta-D-glucoside, beta-D-galactoside and beta-D-fucoside derivatives. The thermostability of Ttbetagly was exploited to study its kinetic properties within the range 2...

The metabolism of heterogeneous subpopulations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) apoB100 was examined in three normolipidemic and two familial combined hyperlipidemic subjects. Autologous radioiodinated plasma LDL (1.019 less than d less than 1.063 g/ml) were injected into each subject and the disappearance and appearance of radiolabeled lipoproteins into various LDL subpopulations were examined...

Reduced chemical kinetic models to predict the combustion characteristics of jet propulsion fuels are produced and tested. The parent detailed kinetic model has been developed on the basis of a surrogate fuel formulation methodology that utilizes combustion property targets measured for a particular real fuel to formulate a chemical mixture of nalkanes, iso-alkanes and aromatic functionalities ...