Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has revolutionized the ability of the urologist to remove large burdens of renal stones over the last 15 years. In the United States, it has largely replaced open stone surgery for the treatment of large sized stones. One of the key factors in optimizing outcomes for this procedure is accurate percutaneous renal access. The guiding principles for effective renal acc...

Finite Fibonomial Operator Calculus (FFOC) is a special case of Extented Finite Operator Calculus (FOC). The ”Calculus of Sequences” was started by Ward in 1936 [1] and considered by many authors after him. The very foundations of FOC were given by O.V.Viskov, G. Markowsky and finally by the author of [8, 2, 3] . The idea of FFOC due to A.K.Kwaśniewski [2] (see Example 2.1) is now continued [4]...

Cohen's technique is the standard treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children. Its disadvantage is still the classic difficulty in subsequent retrograde ureteral access, requiring the use of percutaneous techniques in the treatment of kidney stones. We describe a novel surgical technique for retrograde catheterization of an adult ureter by a flexible ureterorenoscope, thereby facilitating th...

the formation of renal and urinary calculi is not due to a single cause but occurs as a multifactor entity, by which some of them still are unknown. three theories of stones formation including nucleation, stone matrix and inhibition of crystallization do not accuse water hardness as a main cause of the formation of urinary calculi 120 patients suffering from renal and urinary calculi and the s...

RATIONALE Primary renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an extremely rare neoplasm. In many patients, the SCC was associated with renal calculi. PATIENT CONCERNS A 61-year-old male presented with intermittent pain at the left lumbar region for 3 days. The PET/CT images demonstrated increased F-FDG uptake in the upper pole of the left kidney and left renal hilar lymph nodes. DIAGNOSE...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS To compare complications and outcomes of complete supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (csPCNL) with ultrasound guided and fluoroscopically guided procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized clinical trial study from January 2009 to September 2010, 26 of 51 patients with renal stones underwent csPCNL with ultrasonographic guidance in all steps of the procedu...