Weather conditions, comprised of multiple parameters (e.g., atmospheric pressure, wind, temperature, moisture, and heat) vary during different months of the year. These variations influence almost all organisms including humans (1). Proper nutritional diet is one of the factors which can lead to human adjustment with atmospheric changes. Imam Reza, the eighth Shia Imam, has presented the most e...

This paper examines Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s understanding of metaphysical certainty in terms his theory ta’wīl (interpretation) while showing optimism attaining certainty. Rāzī, also known as the leader skeptics (shaykh al-mushakkikīn) Shiʻi sources, thoroughly criticizing philosophical and kalam traditions before him, remains a controversial figure among scholars. His critical thinking confound...

In the subcontinent, Companions, followers, followers of and narrators came at different times continued to perform duties spreading Islam here. The books Asma 'ul-Rijal turning pages history show that according a conservative estimate, about five Companions visited India, including' Uthman ibn Abi al-'As Saqafi his brothers, 'Abdullah ibn' Umayr, Sahl 'Adi Malik, Syedna Asim bin Amr Majasha Th...

creativity or uncreativity of the rational soul is one of the oldest problem of philosophy. ibn sina by giving some proofs has proven the creativity of the rational soul. fakhr ad-din ar razi has propsed several critics to each of the avecina’s argument. in this article, we are going to prove that, the origin of razi’s critics is his misunderstanding in ibn sina’s philosophical views in potenti...

the basic aim of this research is description and deduction of principles, aims, and methods based on the epistemological foundations of farabi in fusus al-hikmah. to get this aim, the method was documentary analysis and deduction. findings show that: necessary being is aware of all contingent beings, there is a unity between the essence of god as a ultimate truth and his knowledge, necessary b...

Bu makale müteahhirîn dönem Eş‘arî kelâm âlimlerinden Fahreddîn er-Râzî’nin ilâhî sıfatların ontik değeri hususunda Mu‘tezilî eğilim gösterdiğini ve onu bu hususta haleflerinin de takip ettiğini göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Kelâm ilminin en hararetli tartışma sahasına sahip olan sıfatlar problemi itikadî mezhepler bazında dönemsel olarak farklı şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Ebû Hâşim el-Cübbâî öncesi...

focus of narration is the perspective on which the author or narrator looks at his story. analysis of “focus of narration” and narrative techniques get an important role to discover consistent and accurate narrative structure in fiction. the gerard genette¢s theory of “narrative focus” is one of the techniques through which one can understand the ability of an author to form and shape his work’...

The Qur'an is a law and way of life for friends, the food their hearts, decoration eyelids. Thus, its influence very visible in education direction life. They are generation pioneers role models to emulate. Indeed, companions Prophet were first feel when came down Muhammad. received from Gabriel also directly Allah. Then he conveyed his friends without lacking or forgetting single letter. Compa...