Most discussion on the future of the market for internationally traded gas focuses on the ‘swing towards Asia’. Specifically, China and India, the world’s two most populous nations, are frequently highlighted as major drivers of future demand. Yet, there is considerable ambiguity over the assumptions underpinning this observation, particularly with regards to India. The reason for this lack of ...

We consider policy issues regarding parallel imports (PIs) of brand-name pharmaceuticals in the European Union, where such trade is permitted. We develop a simple model in which an original manufacturer competes in its home market with PI firms. The model suggests that for small trade costs the original manufacturer will accommodate the import decisions of parallel traders and that the price in...

As a result of public outrage over lower prescription drug prices in Canada, Congress passed legislation that would allow these drugs to be imported into the US. The lower Canadian prices reflect price regulation. Opponents of allowing these imports have argued that the US will import Canadian price controls and that profits of pharmaceutical companies will be hurt. In this paper, a model is de...

BACKGROUND To assess the effect of policies supporting local medicine production to improve access to medicines. METHODS We adapted the WHO/HAI instruments measuring medicines availability and prices to differentiate local from imported products, then pilot tested in Ethiopia and Tanzania. In each outlet, prices were recorded for all products in stock for medicines on a country-specific list....

We estimate a structural model of a sponsored search auction model. The econometric model matches two pieces of data for each auction: (i) the allocation of sponsored search listing to the bidders; and (ii) the per-click prices paid by the winners. To accommodate the “position paradox”, our model relaxes the assumption of decreasing click volumes with position ranks, which is often assumed in t...

Purpose This study estimated total import demand elasticities concerning income, prices and domestic prices. A high propensity to constitutes a significant obstacle economic growth in Mexico since the benefits of increased exports or any other aggregate expansion leak rest world. Design/methodology/approach paper Vector Error Correction Model Total imports are dependent variable, while Gross Do...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nominal exchange rate pass-through domestic prices in Sudan from 1978–2017. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach cointegration employed. analysis based on impulse response functions (IRFs) and forecast error variance decompositions (FEVDs). dynamics cointegrated system can be investigated via IRFs. findings confirm that degree incomplete,...