UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure, after which drains are placed routinely. This study aims to assess the benefits of placing postoperative drains, its complications and affects on postoperative stay, in thyroid lobectomy. METHODOLOGY Randomized Clinical Trial of 60 goitre patients undergoing lobectomy was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi, during July'11...

in today's economy of knowledge and globalization, innovation as the ability to apply new knowledge to improve the production process and create new goods and services has been recognized as an undeniable efficiency. a dynamic economy is in need of efficient human capital which includes elites, professionals and entrepreneurs to come up with innovative and competitive ideas. brain drain in some...

OBJECTIVE To perform a post-outbreak prospective study of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination at the faucets (water, aerator and drain) by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and to assess environmental factors influencing occurrence SETTING A 450-bed pediatric university hospital in Montreal, Canada METHODS Water, aerator swab, and drain swab samples were collect...

Many cities in the Global South are structurally different from Northern, particularly American, on which much of urban sociology’s conceptual apparatus has been based. Thus, depicting them terms a standard vocabulary risks imposing an inappropriate way seeing. We need that is able to accommodate their experience. This special issue contributes work building vocabulary. select five keywords soc...

An advanced, multi-dimensional, and massively parallel simulation approach based on quantum mechanical concepts is introduced and its numerical algorithms briefly summarized. It has been implemented in a computer aided design tool called OMEN, specifically dedicated to next generation nanoelectronic devices. OMEN can treat electron, hole, and phonon (thermal) transport in realistically sized ul...

After the price hike and panic two years ago when grain prices reached record levels, recent harvests have generally been good and prices have stabilised. But a new report by the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) suggests that many challenges lie ahead. Food prices are likely to rise by as much as 40 per cent over t...

Brain Gain: Claims about Its Size and Impact on Welfare and Growth Are Greatly Exaggerated Based on static partial equilibrium analysis, the “new brain drain” literature argues that, by raising the return to education, a brain drain generates a brain gain that is, under certain conditions, larger than the brain drain itself, and that such a net brain gain results in an increase in welfare and g...

Components of drain leakage currents in the off-state of MOSFET are gate-induced drain-leakage (GIDL) and drain junction reverse currents. Device degradation phenomenon and mechanism by GIDL have been well known, but those by drain junction reverse current (IDJR). have not. In this paper, device degradation mechanisms by drain junction reverse current in the off-state were studied through I-V c...