This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The impact of fiscal stimulus depends not only on short-term ...

Abstract “Queer” is a relatively recent and somewhat controversial term in African studies. Yet it proving to be productive, not only for understanding subjectivities of sexuality gender, but also situating Africa’s position the larger economy knowledge. Otu van Klinken explore productive tensions between “queer” “Africa,” aim read Africa as queer from Africa. Thus, rather than imagining polar ...

Bitcoin’s core innovation is its solution to double-spending, called Nakamoto consensus. This mechanism provides a probabilistic guarantee that transactions will not be reversed once they are sufficiently deep in the blockchain, assuming an attacker controls a bounded fraction of mining power in the network. We show, however, that when miners are rational this guarantee can be undermined by a w...

Cashless transactions such as online transactions, credit card transactions, and mobile wallet are becoming more and more popular in financial transactions nowadays. With increased number of such cashless transaction, fraudulent transactions are also increasing. Fraud can be detected by analyzing spending behavior of customers (users) from previous transaction data. If any deviation is noticed ...

This article investigates the influence of motivational goals such as variety seeking and social consumption on consumers' patronage spending at craft beer festivals. In doing so, we develop test a number hypotheses by examining information collected via means survey questionnaire proposed in 2017 to visitors large festival UK. Findings our analysis unveil how cognitive engagement affects indiv...