In an "aldol addition" reaction an enol or enolate of an aldehyde or ketone reacts with a second aldehyde or ketone forming a new carbon-carbon bond. This makes the aldol reaction an important reaction for organic synthesis. Originally, the aldol reaction used ethanal (see below) and therefore the product contained both an aldehyde and an alcohol functional group; thus it became known as the al...

A variety of aromatic trifluoromethyl ketone derivatives has been studied as inhibitors of apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Among them, alpha-trifluoromethyl diketone (2) and benzyl trifluoromethyl ketone (11) were found to be apoptosis inhibitors which can prevent a neurodegenerative disease. Compounds 2 and 11 showed neuroprotection effect on low K+-induced apoptosis in CGNs. F...

In the title compound, C(15)H(13)NO(4), the conjugated double-bond system between the two rings adopts a cis configuration and there is an intra-molecular indole-ketone C-H⋯O inter-action. The indole N-H group forms an inter-molecular hydrogen bond with a ketone O-atom acceptor, giving a chain structure along the ab direction. The O-heterocyclic ring adopts a boat conformation and makes a dihed...

An novel diffusion reaction model for the determination of both the steady-state and transient-state behavior of biofilters for waste air biotreatment is developed and discussed. The model considers the reactor to comprise finite sections, for each of which transient mass balances are established and solved by digital simulation. The elimination of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl isobutyl ...

It is common knowledge that the intensity of ketosis is greater in man than in the dog. The question arises whether the difference is one of degree or of kind. The rate of development of ketosis, blood and urine acetone body concentration, and response to oral glucose have therefore been compared in the two species in order to determine whether such information would or would not suggest the pr...

The heroin analogue 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, MPP1, both in vitro and in vivo, produces death of dopaminergic substantia nigral cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase multienzyme complex, producing a syndrome indistinguishable from Parkinson’s disease. Similarly, a fragment of amyloid protein, Ab1–42, is lethal to hippocampal cells, producing recent memory deficits characte...

UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide derivative bacterial cell-wall precursors were synthesized as effective tools for surface display on living bacteria. Lactobacilli were incubated in the ketone-modified precursor-containing medium, and the ketone moiety was displayed on the bacterial surface through cell-wall biosynthesis. Oligomannose was coupled with the ketone moiety on the bacterial surface via a ami...

By using a labelled ketone body, D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate, or a ketone-body precursor, L-[4,5-3H]leucine, preferential labelling of spinal-cord cholesterol was demonstrated. In contrast, the phospholipid fraction was more heavily labelled in the liver. In both tissues phosphatidylcholine was the major labelled complex lipid. Incorporation ob both substrates into total lipid, on a tissue-weigh...

We have developed an organophosphane-catalyzed direct β-acylation of a series of conjugated systems bearing ketone, amide and ester functionalities using acyl chlorides as trapping reagents. A wide variety of highly functional ketone derivatives were generated efficiently under very mild conditions with high yields according to our protocol. Our adducts can even be utilized as important buildin...

This study was designed to determine whether whole cells or crude enzyme extracts are more effective for preparative-scale ketone reductions by dehydrogenases as well as learning which cofactor regeneration scheme is most effective. Based on results from three representative ketone substrates (an α-fluoro-β-keto ester, a bis-trifluoromethylated acetophenone, and a symmetrical β-diketone), our r...