We investigate a non-degenerate phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) operating in gain saturation experimentally and numerically using the three-wave model. The phase-dependent gain and phase-to-phase transfer functions are obtained for different levels of saturation with good agreement between experimental and numerical data when higher-order FWM is small. Moreover, we identify an operating point w...

Microscopic simulation is used to clarify the status of stochastic theories of homogeneous chemical systems operating in the multiple steady state region. The results demonstrate the failure of the Langevin approach, but show excellent agreement with the master equation formulation.

The parasitic effects in stranded, twisted, and Litz wire windings operating at high frequencies are studied. The skin and proximity effects tha t cause the winding parasitic resistance of an inductor t o increase with the operating frequency are considered. An expression for the ac resistance as a function of the operating frequency is given. The measured and calculated values of the inductor ...

background: los angeles classification is widely adopted as a means of unifying endoscopic observation for gerd. we assessed the inter- and intra-observer variability of la classification. materials and methods: two-hundred fifty-four still images of the lower esophagus taken by an expert endoscopist (rm) were randomly selected and presented to 9 gastroenterologists (2 females, 6 experts, 3 tra...

During the past six years, utilizing the concept of Joint Operations has become standard for successful U.S. military combat. The need for Joint interdependency and Joint systems interoperability during combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq is irrefutable. Consequently, Joint lessons learned are rapidly being incorporated in combat operations and Service/Joint training programs. However, Jo...

BACKGROUND Radiographic progression in clinical trials is assessed by interpreting changes in total radiographic joint score, and the reliability of those scores depends on an evaluation of sum scores. It is not known how consistently changes in individual joints are identified by independent readers and in independent readings. PATIENTS AND METHODS 7255 single joints from 178 patients who pa...

BACKGROUND The aims of our study were to evaluate the validation of measurement of weight-bearing lateral radiographs. Two hypotheses were tested: the measurements on the lateral radiographs are reliable, and a theoretical limit could be identified when a surgeon can "eyeball" an incongruous ankle joint on lateral radiographs. METHODS To test the first hypothesis, 3 experienced ankle surgeons...