In the present studies ten common species of Western North American mosquitoes have been tested for their ability to act as vectors of Japanese B encephalitis virus (see summary Table XII). The strain of Japanese B encephalitis virus which was used was adapted to direct mouse brain passage, probably a disadvantage, but no freshly isolated strain was available. Of the ten species of mosquitoes t...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is an emerging risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but prospective data from different ethnic populations are scarce. We examined the association between diabetes and HCC in 168679 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos and whites in the Multiethnic Cohort. METHODS During a 15.7-year follow up period, 470 incident HCC cases were identi...

Isoelectrofocusing of nonionic-detergent-disrupted flaviviruses separated the envelope glycoprotein of 53,000 to 58,000 daltons and the nucleocapsid protein of 14,000 daltons. The envelope protein and nucleocapsid protein were isolated at isoelectric points of pI 7.8 and 10.3, respectively. The antigenic determinants of St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and dengue virus envelope an...

Binary combinations of the N-nucleoside ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) and the C-nucleoside analog selenazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide) or tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) were tested in vitro for activity against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Korean...

Japanese encephalitis is a severe central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease caused by the mosquito-borne flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). In the current study we have investigated the immune responses against JEV in mice lacking expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5, which functions in activation and chemotaxis of leukocytes during infection. We show that CCR5 serves a...

BACKGROUND Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is a rare neurological disorder that usually manifests as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. Although some viruses are reported to cause this condition, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome by Japanese encephalitis has not been reported previously. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present the case of a 31-year-old Sri Lankan woman who presented with fever, altered level o...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An epidemic of suspected Japanese encephalitis occurred in Malaysia in 1998-1999 among pig farmers. In neighboring Singapore, an outbreak occurred among pig slaughterhouse workers. It was subsequently established that the causative agent in the outbreak was not the Japanese encephalitis virus but a previously unknown Hendra-like paramyxovirus named Nipah virus. METHODS ...

Japanese-B-encephalitis (JE) is a disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus from Flavivirus group, Flaviviridae family. In Indonesia, JE cases have not been widely reported in both animals and humans, although humans common. Yamanaka positive for anti-JE antibodies 96 (6%) pigs Tulungagung District. Environmental elements need to be identified support establishment of healthy ecosystem ...

Japanese encephalitis (JE), commonly affects children and is a major cause of acute childhood encephalopathy. Growth of population, intensified rice farming, pig rearing and lack of surveillance are the key factors for transmission of the disease. Although various hospital and laboratory based studies have been conducted on epidemiology of JE in various parts of India including West Bengal, sti...

This study examined the perception of short and long vowels in Arabic and Japanese by native Japanese (NJ) and nonnative learners of Japanese (NNJ). Ten Japanese vowels (5 short, 5 long) were given as response categories. As expected, the NJ listeners categorized the Japanese vowels more accurately than did the NNJ listeners (91 vs. 83%). Further, the NJ listeners tended to identify Japanese lo...