U.S.-Japan as well as U.S.-Canada bilateral real trade balances, real exchange rates and relative real GDP is non-stationary in levels revealing I (1) behavior. There are evidence of co integration, long-run bi-directional causal flows among variables with no clear evidence of feedbacks in different lag structures. INTRODUCTION Japan and Canada are the most important trading partners of the Uni...

Using a bilateral trade equation derived from a monopolistic competition model, we investigated market access reciprocity in food trade among the US, Canada, the EU and Japan. We explore country and industry–specific market access asymmetry through the border effect approach, re-challenging the underlying main explanations. Our findings reveal marked asymmetry in reciprocal trade openness; inde...

This paper analyses the impact of sanctions against Iran in addition to other country-specific determinants on intra-industry trade between Iran and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) countries over the period 1997-2013. By disentangling total intra-industry trade (IIT) into horizontal and vertical IIT and after investigating bilateral trade pattern between Iran and SCO countries, determin...

The trend of globalization since the early 1990s has had a profound impact on trade relations between China and South Korea. It affected these two countries in positive ways, and brought Sino-Korean trade to its highest level since the establishment of diplomatic relations on August 24, 1992. Sino-Korean trade, as the scale of its growth and development accelerated, was also exposed to and enco...

Currency exchanges rates – updated monthly. Economic indicators of industrial production. Countries included: France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, States, Canada, Japan (Total G‐7), Eurozone and Total EU‐28 OECD). Updated car registration in Poland, Spain, Turkey, Japan, Republic Korea Other OECD OECD‐30). Monthly averages crude steel production thousand metric tons for Brazil, Mexico, A...

he main purpose of this research is to answer the question that "How neighborhood of Iran's trading partners will have an effect on Iran intra-industry trade? For this purpose, the impact of spatial neighborhood effects of 23 major trade partners on Iran’s intra-industry trade for the period of 1995-2014, has been investigated through Spatial Panel Econometric and Maximum Likelihood Estimator (...

This paper illustrates, how experimentation with a system dynamics model may be used to determine the terms of trade for meeting long term contentions for sustaining global economic relations and environment. It has two parts, a review of empirical evidence that describes the trends in the volume and the nature of international trade over the past decade, and an exploratory analysis of their im...

Abstract The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is the top destination for Russian food exports, grains in particular. Focusing on Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, this chapter shows that Russia’s trade with MENA countries strongly affected by bilateral political relations. Russia banned most imports from Turkey over a conflict 2016. In same year, improved intergovernmental cooperatio...