در تاریخ اسلام، فتوّت و جوانمردی به عنوان یک نظام اخلاقی به دو شاخه ی عملی (فردی و اجتماعی) و نظری (تدوین و نگارش فتوت­نامه ها و رسائل) تقسیم می­شود. فتوّتِ صوفیانه که تقریباً از قرن سوم هجری تکوین یافت؛ حاصل ارتباط متقابل فتوّت با تصوّف و شاخه­های مهم آن یعنی ملامتیه و قلندریه بود. فتوّتِ صوفیانه به تدریج در قرن ششم هجری به یک نهاد سیاسی تبدیل و پس از سقوط خلافت عباسی، در عصر مغولان و ایلخانان در مناط...

We show that in microdata, as well a search and matching model with flexible wages for new hires, wage rigidities of incumbent workers have substantial effects on separations unemployment volatility. Allowing an empirically relevant degree drives volatility the vacancies tightness to data. Thus, rigidity newly hired is not sufficient statistic determining effect macroeconomic outcomes. This fin...

The following are highlights from the new series, Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions Topic Review. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, that have published in the Circulation portfolio. The objective of this new series is to provide a concise review of significant papers that are relevant to interventional cardiology. The studies included...

The following are highlights from the new series, Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions Topic Review. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, that have published in the Circulation portfolio. The objective of this new series is to provide a concise review of significant papers that are relevant to interventional cardiology. The studies included...

The following are highlights from the new series, Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions Topic Review. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, that have published in the Circulation portfolio. The objective of this new series is to provide a concise review of significant papers that are relevant to interventional cardiology. The studies included...

Unemployment is at a low and stable level in Denmark. This achievement is often attributed to the so-called flexicurity model combining flexible hiring and firing rules for employers with income security for employees. Whatever virtues this model may have, a low and stable unemployment rate is not automatically among them since the basic flexicurity properties were also in place during the 1970...