Muslims living in the Indonesian archipelago have long placed considerable importance on their travels to and communications with what they saw as intellectual centers for the study of Islam. I trace some of the effects of these “intellectual pilgrimages” to Mecca, Cairo, and elsewhere on Indonesian deliberations about Islam, particularly concerning Islamic law. I argue that these references to...

reaching a considerable growth in terms of rhetoric, eloquence, and semantic richness of words or terms, the arabic language was ready in the pre-islamic period to receive the divine revelation. on the other hand, the qur’an (as the word of allah) with its sublime meanings and boundless scientific facts had to be revealed in the arabic language in such a way that it would succeed in duly commun...

Focusing on the cultural significations and artistic capacities of naqqali, this article examines the comparative workings of this Iranian popular genre in Hossein Jamali’s Hamlet: The Retribution Affair. Jamali’s adaptation is worth considering since it narrates the whole events and characters of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a classic text of English literature, through naqqali, a classic Persian gen...

political and social isolation of women in pre-islamic period and their blurred role in social and political life was changed with the advent of islam. however, in the era of the caliphs, under the influence of jewish and christian cultural elements and the revival of certain pre-islamic arabian traditions, the page was turned and the situation is well reflected in historical texts and traditio...

Phase inversion in liquid-liquid dispersions corresponds to the transitional boundary between Oil-in-Aqueous dispersion and Aqueous-in-Oil dispersion. A theoretical model based on simple assumptions was proposed to predict phase inversion point, ambivalence region and the hysteresis effect of inversion. Experimental data from the literature were used to validate the model and results were c...

art has not been extensively discussed in the islamic tradition, except a few instances in the islamic jurisprudence. there is no discussion of the essence or definition of art in islamic scholarly spheres, including philosophical spheres. one can find nothing comparable to the philosophy of art as found in the western philosophy, especially after the eighteenth century, in the philosophical or...