sometimes, following of islamic law, there is a liability of paternal relatives, relatives and public treasury that some of the jurists say that this liability is a against of personal liability and therefore they oppose or limit this liability. but the analysis of this liability shows that this liability is a tort. in the other hand, in some of the countries the vicarious liability is a princi...

the concept of shoura (council), and the relationship between shoura and democracy, has a key role in development of religious modernist debates in muslim world. the “general theory of shoura” is one of these theories on islamic democracy that provided and developed by dr. towfiq mohammad al-shavi(birth, 1918/egypt). the three aspects of his theory are: 1) the religious basis of shoura that pro...

commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by a corporation, typically for financing working capital and meeting short-term liabilities. it is one of the most important financial instruments that constitute a significant portion of issued debt securities in financial markets. nevertheless, commercial paper, like many other conventional financial instruments, has been st...

I. THE ROBERTS COURT’S COMPETING CLASS ACTION CASES ... 1628 II. THE COURT’S “NON-TRANSSUBSTANTIVE” CLASS ACTION DECISIONS ............................................................................. 1636 A. The Court’s “Non-Transsubstantive” Rule 23 Jurisprudence .............. 1637 1. Substantive Lawmaking .................................................... 1637 2. Composite Judgments: Subs...

Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ), a concept first conceived by law professors David Wexler (University of Puerto Rico and University of Arizona) and Bruce Winick (University of Miami) only a little more than a decade ago, has emerged as the leading conceptual perspective in the mental health law field. Indeed, a LEXIS search reveals well over 150 articles on, or citing to, therapeutic jurispruden...

The topic is one of the most important topics criminal investigation and islamic jurisprudence. Its importance because it’s related to protection human body non-aggression any kind from before birth death. And legalization medical development in dealing with it, only being structure God, it isn’t permissible attach him. subject under study closely Qur’an Sunnah prophet reliance on them gatherin...

OBJECTIVE The effective education method of medico-jurisprudence for medical students is unclear. The study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) model teaching medico-jurisprudence in clinical setting on General Law Knowledge (GLK) for medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS Senior medical students attending either campus-based law curriculum or Obstetric...