A mild stress such as brief ischemic episodes may protect the heart from a successive and more prolonged myocardial ischemia (ischemic preconditioning). This phenomenon is considered a typical "hormetic mechanism" by which the heart is immunized from pathological insults such as myocardial ischemia. This mechanism is reduced with aging and it may be restored and/or preserved by drugs such as ad...

Background and Purpose—Making a limb transiently ischemic has been shown to induce ischemic tolerance in a distant organ. This phenomenon is known as remote ischemic limb preconditioning. We conducted a Phase IB study of remote ischemic limb preconditioning to determine the safety and feasibility of increasing durations of limb ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods—Patients...

Induction of heat shock protein (HSP72) has been implicated in the development of ischemic tolerance in several tissue organs including brain and spinal cord. In the present study, using an aortic balloon occlusion model in rats, we characterized the effect of transient noninjurious (3 or 6 min) or injurious intervals (10 min) of spinal ischemia followed by 4-72 h of reflow on spinal expression...

objective(s): in the present study, we investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (ipc) on c-myb immunoreactivity as well as neuronal damage/death after a subsequent lethal transient ischemia in gerbils. materials and methods: ipc was subjected to a 2 min sublethal ischemia and a lethal transient ischemia was given 5 min transient ischemia. the animals in all of the groups were given r...

InReplyWeagreewithDrsRedingtonandCaldarone thatmany animal andhumanstudieshave shownthat a singleor few (≤5) short episodes of remote ischemic preconditioning (typically 5minutes of limb ischemia followed by 5minutes of reperfusion)areprotective formanyorgans (including theheart, brain, and kidney) with few reported adverse effects. However, few studies have examined the long-term effects of re...

BACKGROUND We previously reported a delayed phase of protection against infarction 24 hours after ischemic preconditioning in the rabbit. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that this "second window of protection," like the well-described early phase of protection in the rabbit, might be associated with adenosine receptor activation. METHODS AND RESULTS In the first series o...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional requirement of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in cardiac myocyte tolerance to ischemia (I) and in classical preconditioning. METHODS Cardiac myocyte STAT-3 was depleted in mice using Cre-lox p technology. Isolated cardiomyocytes from wild-type (WT) and STAT-3-deficient mice were evaluated for viability following simulated ische...

BACKGROUND Preconditioning to ischemia is a phenomenon whereby a brief episode of sublethal ischemia and other nonlethal stressors produce protection against a subsequent detrimental ischemic insult. As mitochondrial dysfunction is related to necrotic and apoptotic neuronal death after cerebral ischemia, the authors examined if ischemic preconditioning is capable of inducing mitochondrial toler...

Introduction: During hemorrhagic shock (HS), the kidneys are one of the primary target organs involved. Oxidative stress is shown to be enhanced in different models of acute kidney injury (AKI). Remote ischemic preconditioning (RPC) by brief limb ischemia is considered to be a safe method to protect different organs from further damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of brief hind l...