Photoinduced reactions of isatin and N-methyl-1,3,4-isoquinolinetrione with bicycloalkylidenes such as bicyclopropylidene, cyclopropylidenecyclobutane, cyclopropylidenecyclohexane and bicyclohexylidene were investigated. The reactions gave spirooxetanes as the major products derived from the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition pathway via 1,4-biradical recombination. Unusual products including the [4 + ...

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and leukocyte infiltration in the colon. Here, we investigate the effects of the selective iNOS-inhibitor (S)-2-amino-(1-iminoethylamino)-5-thiopentanoic acid (GW274150) on the development of experimental colitis induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. When compare...

The reaction of hydroxyl-amine hydro-chloride with isatin in ethanol, catalysed with HCl and neutralized with Na(2)CO(3), yielded the one-dimensional coordination polymer, catena-poly[[[aqua-sodium]-di-μ-aqua-[aqua-sodium]-bis-(μ-2-oxoindoline-2,3-dione 3-oximato)] tetra-kis-(oxoindoline-2,3-dione 3-oxime)], {[Na(C(8)H(5)N(2)O(2))(H(2)O)(2)]·2C(8)H(6)N(2)O(2)}(n). The Na(I) atom has a six-coord...

In the title compound, C(15)H(13)N(3)O(3)S, the C-S-N(H)-N linkage is non-planar, the torsion angle being -65.12 (13)° and the S atom showing a tetra-hedral environment. The compound has two almost planar fragments linked to the S atom: the isatin-derivative fragment [(C(8)H(5)NO)N-N(H)-] and the tolyl fragment [C(7)H(7)-] have maximum deviations from the mean plane through the non-H atoms of 0...

Booij JC, Baas DC, Beisekeeva J, Gorgels TG & Bergen AA (2010): The dynamic nature of Bruch’s membrane. Prog Retin Eye Res 29: 1–18. Finger RP, Charbel Issa P, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Holz FG & Scholl HN (2011): Longterm effectiveness of intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Retina 31: 1268–1278. Gliem M, De Zeaytijd J...

Comparative data on the diets of extant primates inform hypotheses about hominin resource use. Historically, data describing chimpanzee diets stem primarily from forest-dwelling communities, and we lack comparative data from chimpanzees that live in mosaic habitats that more closely resemble those reconstructed for Plio-Pleistocene hominins. We present data on the diet of a partially-habituated...

Abstract Nowadays, the conflict between supply and demand of water resources in many regions is becoming increasingly prominent. Scientific allocation regional has become key to solving contradiction. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model considering social, economic, ecological objectives established, four improvement spots are introduced sparrow search algorithm (SSA) form an im...

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is often used in regression and classification problems. However, SVM needs to find proper kernel function solve high-dimensional We propose an improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (ISSA-SVM) algorithm optimize the parameters. First, problem of slow convergence due lack ergodicity poor diversity initial population effectively overcome by using Sine chaotic map. Second,...

Electron-deficient alkenes undergo organocatalysed formal [3+2]-cycloaddition with isatin-derived imines, generating complex spirocyclic products high yield and stereoselectivity.