Abstract  Background: Human infestation to ectoparasites such as ticks, lice, cimex, fleas, mites and others agents may result in intensive allergic reaction with symptoms of itching, skin infection and severe irritation. In this case report, we present a case of dermatitis caused by cat flea. Case presentation: A three-member family referred to dermatology clinic in Babol due to dermal co...

warded by a speedy cure. I can endorse much of what he says from cases which have come under my care as a dental surgeon, both in private and hospital practice. One has only to remember the important part played by the fifth nerve, with its widespread divisions and branches, in the nervous supply of the face and deeper tissues, also that many of the ultimate ramifications of this nerve end in t...

Despite the widespread recognition that mucosal irritation is a cardinal feature of "sick-building syndrome," few data exist on the cause, natural history, or pathophysiology of upper respiratory mucous membrane irritation. The baseline prevalence of nasal symptoms among building occupants is often 20%, but in some studies it is as high as 50 to 60%. New techniques of nasal challenge and analys...

The necessity of using animals to test whether new chemicals and products are eye irritants has been questioned with increasing frequency and fervor over the last 20 years. During this time many new nonanimal methods have been proposed as reliable alternatives to the traditional rabbit (Draize) test. To date, however, none of these nonanimal (in vitro) tests have become universally accepted as ...

supports. The author reviews at considerable length the history of the idea; but he does not wish to be esteemed an apostle of counterirritation : he expresses himself "more in sympathy with those who hold that 'the Devil himself, old Beelzebub, is nothing but a great Cantharid' (Baynard) than with those who would commend twelve consecutive applications of actual cautery for the cure of sciatic...

Medial plica irritation of the knee is a very common source of anterior knee pain. Patients can complain of pain over the anteromedial aspect of their knees and describe episodes of crepitation, catching, and pseudo-locking events with activities. Patients commonly have pain on physical examination upon rolling the plica fold of tissue over the anteromedial aspect of their knees and often have ...

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to measure the religio-spiritual insights of consumers during religious festivals and compare results considering stimuli two advertisements, i.e., irritating advertisements. When are neglected in designing a TV advertisement for festival, particular, it can lead irritation affect consumers’ attitude toward advertising. Based on theory reasoned action (TRA), me...

Pressure sores are localized areas of tissue breakdown in skin and/or underlying tissue. They are painful, difficult to treat, and represent a burden to the community in terms of health care and money. Massive efforts to prevent pressure sores have not resulted in a reduction of the prevalence. This is at least partly due to a lack of understanding of the etiology of pressure sores. The goal of...

The international and national directives legislation requires to perfom validated in vitro alternative methods animal testing of chemicals mixtures for predictible precise evoluation toxicity human. regulatory agencies require the hazard assessment on skin ocular as reported by United Nations, Globally Harmonized System (UN GHS) Classification Labeling Chemicals. To address this need investiga...