BACKGROUND Transurethral resection of the prostate gland with irrigation fluid at room temperature leads to perioperative hypothermia which could give rise to adverse cardiovascular events in the perioperative period. The use of isothermic irrigation fluid reduces but does not eliminate this risk. Routine use of warm intravenous fluids along with isothermic irrigation had not been documented. T...

AIM To compare the efficacy of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique with conventional, sonic and ultrasonic irrigation on the removal of apically placed dentinal debris from an artificial groove created in a root canal. METHODOLOGY Root canal preparation was performed up to size 40 on 48 extracted single-rooted teeth using ProTaper rotary instruments. The specimens were the...

BACKGROUND Nasal saline irrigation is a common component of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) management. The benefits of irrigation have been noted in primary and postoperative management of CRS. The irrigation consists of physiologic saline solution applied into a nostril via a squeeze-bottle, a bulb syringe, or a neti pot. As the saline flows through the nasal cavity from anterior to posterior, t...

BACKGROUND Antral irrigation earlier had an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis. Nowadays, it is often considered too unpleasant. However, the experience of patients of this procedure has been very seldom evaluated. Nor has the effect on pain in rhinosinusitis been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' experience of discomfort and pain during ant...

We studied nutrient balance in a paddy field that had a recycling irrigation system and evaluated the effect of the irrigation system on nutrient balance during the irrigation period, from April to August 2002. Chemical fertilizer was the main input of phosphorus; the soil absorbed about 56% of it. The amount of nitrogen supplied by the irrigation system was higher than in a representative padd...

Local wound debridement in the diseased pulp space is the main step in root canal treatment to prevent the tooth from being a source of infection. Successful root canal therapy is always based on the combination of proper instrumentation, irrigation and obturation of the root canal. Of these three essential steps of root canal therapy, irrigation of the root canal is the most important techniqu...

Water shortage is a global problem that has severe implications on economic growth and societal well-being, even in the most developed countries. As more than two-thirds of freshwater consumed worldwide are used for irrigation, large quantities of freshwater can be saved by improving the efficiency of irrigation systems. Automatically scheduling irrigation events based on soil moisture measurem...

Background: An effective polymer gel dosimeter can be fabricated by varying the composition of its chemical components. Materials and Methods: The MAGAT gel dosimeter formulations that used different compositions of Methacrylic acid (MAA) and gelatin were extensively investigated in the present study according to the R2–dose response and R2–dose sensitivity. The irradiation of M...

Recently, a combination between simulation and optimisation has been important for many of HVAC design problems. Long execution time is usually needed for one simulation run; consequently huge time will be required for the optimisation process. The aim of this study is to evaluate how combinations between optimisation algorithms can achieve faster and/or better solutions for multiobjective opti...