the voltammetric performance of edge-plane pyrolytic graphite (epg) electrode via adsorptive stripping voltammetry was investigated for study of the electrochemical behavior of omeprazole (omz) in aqueous solution. the results revealed that the oxidation of omz is an irreversible ph-dependent process that proceeds with the transfer of one electron and one proton in an adsorption-controlled mech...

Progressive bone and cartilage destruction in arthritic joints leads to irreversible joint destruction and, subsequently, to functional declines and to work disability. During recent years a lot of interest has been focused on serum biomarkers in the clinic to evaluate the ongoing disease process in the cartilage and bone. New biomarkers such as osteoprotegerin or receptor activator of NF-κB li...

We estimate a lower bound on the amount of latent heat liberated by freezing droplets. Based on a physical picture of the freezing process, we arrive at an estimate for the effective latent heat (calculated along a reversible path), suitable for heat budget calculations of glaciating clouds. In addition, we arrive at a quadratic dependence on supercooling for the irreversible contribution to he...

The reheating process in in ationary universe models is considered as an out-of-equilibrium mixture of two interacting and reacting uids, and studied within the framework of causal, irreversible thermodynamics. The evolution of the temperature and the decay rate as determined by causal thermodynamics are estimated at di erent stages of the process. A simple model is also used to nd the perturba...

Weakly nonlocal thermodynamic theories are critically revisited. A relocalized, irreversible thermodynamic theory of nonlocal phenomena is given, based on a modified form of the entropy current and new kind of internal variables, the so called current multipliers. The treatment is restricted to deal with nonlocality connected to dynamic thermodynamic variables. Several classical equations are d...

The strong relationship between topology and computations has played a central role in the development of several branches of theoretical computer science: foundations of functional programming, computational geometry, computability theory, computable analysis. Often it happens that a given function is not computable simply because it is not continuous. In many cases, the function can moreover ...

We study the dynamics of majority-based distributed systems in presence of permanent faults. In particular, we are interested in the patterns of initial faults which may lead the entire system to a faulty behaviour. Such patterns are called dynamos and their properties have been studied in many diierent contexts. In this paper we investigate dynamos for meshes with diierent types of toroidal cl...

We propose a generalization of the model of classical baker map on the torus, in which the images of two parts of the phase space do overlap. This transformation is irreversible and cannot be quantized by means of a unitary Floquet operator. A corresponding quantum system is constructed as a completely positive map acting in the space of density matrices. We investigate spectral properties of t...

When a small dynamical system that is initially in contact with a heat bath is detached from this heat bath and then caused to undergo a quasi-static adiabatic process, the resulting statistical distribution of the system's energy differs from that of an equilibrium ensemble. Subsequent contact of the system with another heat bath is inevitably irreversible, hence the entire process cannot be r...