In conditions requiring repeated blood transfusion or where iron metabolism is abnormal, heart failure may result from accumulation of iron in the heart (cardiac siderosis). Death due to heart failure from cardiac iron overload has accounted for considerable early mortality in β-thalassemia major. The ability to detect iron loading in the heart by cardiovascular magnetic resonance using T2* seq...

To fulfill their nutritional requirement for iron, bacteria utilize various iron sources which include the host proteins transferrin and lactoferrin, heme, and low molecular weight iron chelators termed siderophores. The iron sources are transported into the Gram-negative bacterial cell via specific uptake pathways which include an outer membrane receptor, a periplasmic binding protein (PBP), a...