a foreign language teaching method is supposed to take into account the real communicative needs of the foreign language learner. using literary texts is a suitable way not only to teach a foreign language but to consider particular facts that relate to human and cultural needs of learners. using the humanistic-oriented literary texts as an authentic document in the foreign language course allo...

Abstract Attitudes to animals and their relationship with the human have undergone significant changes over last six decades, from rise of environmental movement debates about genetic modification. Poetry has responded these developments but also contributed argument activism. This essay aims make sense this history its literary consequences by investigating representation otters in work a seri...

Abstract This article examines twentieth-century Persian translations of Urdu-language works about literature, focusing on two different an influential work literary history, Shiʿr al-ʿAjam ( Poetry the Persians ), by Shibli Nuʿmani. The offers a close, comparative reading Afghan and Iranian in order to understand why this voluminous text were published within such short time period. These reve...

“Tazkirah” is the term used in Persian and Turkish literature for a collection of lives, most frequently those of poets, but also of saints, sheikhs or calligraphers. A Tazkirah of poets gives a brief biography and examples of each author's work. Tazkirahs are one of the most important and widely expanded biographical works of literature. Tazkirahs as a considerable and inseparable part of manu...

Horizon of expectations, as a core concept in Reception Aesthetics, provides a new methodological basis for literary translation. Owing to this theory, literary translation is no longer a one-way process which is text-centered and transmitted by a translator with readers passively accepting everything, but an ever-going dialogic process between translator and the literary work, and between tran...

The article examines the image of figure a Ukrainian in Polish literature and Pole second half 19th century. ethno-image Ukraine, which was fixed mentality for quite long time, is studied, formation national identity Poles traced on example literary works literary-critical works. Typological parallels contemporary poets writers are traced. Various themes both literatures era romanticism positiv...

BOTH professional and lay readers in America seem to share an intuitive belief that English literature has suffered a steady decline in the twentieth century and, moreover, that the decline can be correlated to and even explained by the contraction of British power. Yet few would argue that geopolitical power corresponds in a predictable way to literary creativity. If anything, the evidence fro...

These strike me as the sharpest edges of The Dubious Spectacle, but I’ve hardly done justice to the whole; there are surprising chapters on American drama (there’s no better successor to Bentley’s “Trying to Like O’Neill” than Blau’s “The Pipe Dreams of Eugene O’Neill in the Age of Deconstruction”), and on photography, and the essays are studded with moving appreciations of several colleagues, ...

China's architectural exports to less-developed countries, such as conference halls, government offices, hospitals, institutional headquarters, schools, stadia and theatres, have played a special role in the state's foreign aid and diplomatic strategy. Beginning in the late 1950s, such exported architectural projects were presented by the Chinese Communist Party-led government as gifts to many ...