the contract looks like the natural law. this means the negation of the principle of the autonomy of the will and the will of legislator as a basis for the validity of contractual content would be rejected. because the foundation of creation and validity of natural law would not be the will, but natural justice and natural equity. therefore, the foundation of the validity for such a contract- s...

the concept of “ultra vires” has been studied in two specific areas: in company law and in discussions on the issues of capacity and acts of representatives. historically, in english law, ultra vires acts were considered as void, and neither representatives nor shareholders could approve them at a later time. subsequently, judges in common law system changed their approach from a restricted cap...

one of the special liability is the liability of proprietor of building.sometime the citizen sustain a loss from the destruction of a building and for this reason in evry legal systems the proprietor or the guard of building is responsible. in the law of rom the proprietor was responsible and this liability has been entered into the article 1386 of french civil code and article 333 of iranian c...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate gender differences in depression scores of Iranian and German medical students. METHODS Two hundred Iranian medical students (100 men and 100 women) and 200 German medical students (100 men and 100 women) were selected randomly and completed the English form of the self-rating Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS Analysis gave a mean rating of 10.7 ± 6....

the “original document rule” provides when a document is adduced as substantive evidence of its contents. due to the nature of electronic document which is difficult to class as original, the said rule has been abolished by many jurisdictions. the uncitral model law as well as iranian electronic commerce law pre-empts this by making it clear that a data message shall not be denied admissibility...

globalization and increasing political, economic and cultural relations among different countries’ people have resulted in many legal effects. one of the important results of these relations is the increase of disputes among people in the world that forums must apply a foreign law to settle them. certainly, iranian forums have dealt with such cases. although the proof of foreign law as a questi...

In Iran, the number of published articles has increased significantly in the basic and applied sciences including medicine and its subspecialties during the recent years. The present study reviewed Iranian science production in medicine, focusing on Iranian medical journals and assessing the current status of Iranian medical journals in several information databases. The study revealed that onl...

The present study aimed at Investigating the knowledge and attitude of Nursing Students towards Iranian Traditional Medicine in universities of Tehran in 2012-2013. 300 students of nursing studying at different universities in Tehran participated in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The data was collected through a standard questionnaire with an acceptable validity and reliability. The q...

BACKGROUND The 5(th) Iran National Development Plan, 2011-2015, has emphasized on expansion of rural asphalt roads. This article aims to illustrate the trend of deaths caused by rural road traffic crashes (RTCs) and its association with length of the rural roads in Iran. METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis on secondary data for the period from 2005 to 2010. The Iranian Forensic Me...