In recent decades, American workers have faced a rising college premium, a narrowing gender gap, and increasing wage volatility. This paper explores the quantitative and welfare implications of these changes. The framework is an incomplete-markets life cycle model in which individuals choose education, intrafamily time allocation, and savings. Given the observed history of the U.S. wage structu...

Analyses in comparative political economy have the potential to contribute to understanding health inequalities within and between societies. This article uses a varieties of capitalism approach that groups high-income countries into coordinated market economies (CME) and liberal market economies (LME) with different labor market institutions and degrees of employment and unemployment protectio...

Education, Health and Wages This paper develops and estimates a model with multiple schooling choices that identifies the causal effect of different levels of schooling on health, health-related behaviors, and labor market outcomes. We develop an approach that is a halfway house between a reduced form treatment effect model and a fully formulated dynamic discrete choice model. It is computation...

Background & Aims: Fear of labor pain is a principal factor in pregnant women's tendency for cesarean section. This study was done to investigate the factors that affect quality and intensity of labor pain in order to decrease the rate of elective cesarean sections. Method: a prospective randomized study was performed on 208 parturient women in Maternity ward of afzalipour Hospital by using...

BACKGROUND Information is still scarce on the birthing experience of women who participate in antenatal systematic education programs. The objective of the study was to report the experience of labor as described by nulliparous women who participated and who did not in a systematic Birth Preparation Program (BPP). METHOD A qualitative study was conducted with eleven women who participated in ...

I estimate the effect of international migration on the human capital of children in the migrants’ origin country. I use an original administrative dataset containing all migrant departures from the Philippines and exploit variation across provinces in destination-country demand for migrants. My estimates are at the local labor market level, allowing for spillovers to non-migrant households. An...

This work shows that the factors affecting labor supply have been key determinants of the changes in employment, unemployment and income differentials taking place in Latin America in the 1990s. The two main forces driving labor supply in the region have been demographics and education. The following demographic trends have had significant effects on the labor market: C The rate of population g...

Women’s time-limited fertility window, compared to men’s longer period of fecundity, could be a key constraint in shaping the gender gap career choices and hence outcomes. Israel’s 1994 policy change that made in-vitro fertilization free provides natural experiment for examining how time horizons impact women’s investment choices. We find following women complete more college graduate education...

The labor market practices of higher education and health care institutions, or other large local employers, may influence beliefs in local labor markets about the fairness of employer practices. If a few large employers in a local economy choose “high road” labor market practices, with higher wages, more internal promotion, and lower employee turnover, other local employers may emulate them.. ...

This paper presents a theory where increases in female labor force participation and reductions in the gender wage-gap are generated as part of a single process of demographic transition, initially characterized by reductions in mortality and fertility. The paper suggests a relationship between gains in life expectancy and changes in the role of women in society that has not been identified bef...