Once the responsibilities of central bank increases, developing good governance for achieving its different aims to satisfy the required statutory power becomes more complicated. In the case of the central bank of Islamic republic of Iran - as monetary policymaker and supervisor-this issue is valid as well. Considering the necessity of independency, accountability, and transparency for developi...

Today, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in both developing and developed economies. However, the uncertainty of macroeconomic indicators, such as economic growth, may affect financing and investment of the SMEs in an economy. The present study explores the effect of the economic growth rate uncertainty on financing SMEs in Iran. To this end, the study has applied the Br...

Muscovite granite (13.8% muscovite, 4.8% normafive corundum) was reacted, with varying percentages of H20, in cold-seal vessels at 2 kbar and in piston-cylinder apparatus between 10 and 35 kbar. The diagrams illustrating melting/crystallization relationships are: P-T sections with both excess H20 and with no H:O added (0.66% H20 in rock); T-X•2o sections at 15 kbar and 25 kbar showing H:O-under...

JEL Classification Numbers: E 31, E 52

Indole-3-acetic Acid, LAA-Oxidase, Peroxidase Formation of H20 2 in the course of peroxidase catalyzed IAA metabolism was measured using the peroxide-dependent decarboxylation of [14C]glyoxylate and the oxidation of phenolic substrates giving rise to fluorescent products in IAA/HRP systems. The results agree with the recent concept of IAA metabolism which includes the formation of H20 2 in the ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate if myogenic responses of isolated coronary arterioles were dependent on an intact, functional endothelium. Arterioles were located in situ by intracoronary perfusion with india ink-gelatin solution and then dissected and cannulated at both ends with glass micropipettes. Intraluminal pressure was initially set at 60 cm H20; then the pressure was alter...

The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes int...

Oil price shocks are the major source of economic instability in oil exporting developing countries, including Iran. In this paper a Multi Sector Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, with emphasis on optimization of oil sector as a producing sector is designed. Furthermore, an optimizing import sector is introduced into the model by considering the price rigidity in imported goods as a...

We illustrate two differential oligopoly games using, respectively, the capital accumulation dynamics à la Solow-Nerlove-Arrow, and the capital accumulation dynamics à la Ramsey. In both settings, we evaluate the effects of (gross) profit taxation, proving that there exist tax rates yielding the same steady state social welfare as under social planning. Contrary to the static approach, our dyna...

In this study we reconsider the effect of variable transformations on the redistribution of income. Under the assumption that the theorems should hold for all income distributions, earlier given conditions are both necessary and sufficient. Different versions of the conditions are compared. We also consider the consequences if we drop the explicit continuity restriction on the transformations. ...