abstract the overall focus of the caspian sea security is shaped in four geopolitical areas contain the caucasus,(azerbaijan), central asia( turkmenistan and kazakhstan), russia,( ussr) a political unit in the international system which is one of the largest exporters of oil and gas in the north, and iran with huge reserves of oil and gas and oil industries in the south,. these important geopol...

Three new species are described from Iran: Cortodera kukinae Danilevsky et Skrylnik, sp. n. (Tehran province), Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) olegpaki and Phytoecia (Musaria) plyushchi (Gilan province). The illustrated redescription of (C.) cingulatum Ganglbauer, 1884 is given. New synonyms proposed: D. = ursulaheinzi Bernhauer, 2015, syn. invicinum Pic, 1902, stat. resurr. considered as a distinc...

clostridium difficileisa binding warm-positive rod and anaerobic organism, which was first described in 1935 as bacillus difficile. epidemiology of cdi has changed considerably on 2000. occurrence and severity of the disease  including ulcerative colitis(inflammation of the colon), colectomy(colon section) and mortality had increased. recent studies have reported clostridium difficile prevalenc...

Turkey’s and Iran’s endavours for modernization building a nation state display similar outlook to each other. Iran, under the rule of Shah Rıza Pehlevi, adopted Republic Turkey, Atatürk, as significant model in this endavour tried follow it. However, period different from had an accumulataion past, more than one hundred years. This difference between two countries not only affected speed susta...

Iran has always been presented as a multi-ethnic structure with its rich history of statehood. It is known that after the Arab occupation, Turkic dynasties, especially Azerbaijani Turks were in power today's and ruled country for centuries. As result historical processes, spread to almost all settlements present-day Iran. If we examine ethnic map Iran, can observe live provinces bordering Azerb...