Abstract. During the main phase of geomagnetic storms, large positive ionospheric plasma density anomalies arise at middle and polar latitudes. A prominent example is tongue ionisation (TOI), which extends poleward from dayside storm-enhanced (SED) anomaly, often crossing cap streaming with convection flow into nightside ionosphere. fragmentation TOI anomaly contributes to formation patches par...

Context. We investigate the growth of hydromagnetic waves driven by streaming cosmic rays in the precursor environment of a supernova remnant shock. Aims. It is known that transverse waves propagating parallel to the mean magnetic field are unstable to anisotropies in the cosmic ray distribution, and may provide a mechanism to substantially amplify the ambient magnetic field. We quantify the ex...

In this report we use the weak interactions of acid-porphyrin complexes to selectively bind competing acids to the faces of a rigid cyclic porphyrin dimer, and characterise the resulting interactions by NMR spectroscopy and nano-electrospray ionisation spectrometry.

The relaxation of the field ionisation rate after depletion of a tungsten surface is studied for hydrogen and helium with a pulsed laser atom probe. The reduction of the field ion rate and its recovery to a steady state value within some milliseconds is due to a correlation between field ion rate and surface coverage. Three possible models are discussed for explaining the enhancement of the rat...

The Neutrino Factory has been proposed as a facility to provide an intense source of neutrinos suitable for the measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters and a possible CP violating phase to unprecedented precision. In the Neutrino Factory, neutrinos are produced by the decay of a muon beam with 20-50 GeV per muon. Initially, the muon beam occupies a large volume in phase space, which must...

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

A number of increasingly sophisticated and realistic models have been developed in order to investigate the interaction between sub-ionospherically propagating VLF waves and regions of ionisation enhancement (LIE) in the D-region caused by lightning-induced electron precipitation enhancements (LEP). This LEP-produced LIE can result in phase and amplitude perturbations on received VLF radio sign...

The study of the rate and rate constants in the alcoholysis of n-caproyl chloride in acetone and acetonitrile, reveals that SN2 mechanism is more favourable than SN1. A plot of logarithm of rate constant against the logarithm of molar concentration of alcohol gives a straight line with a slope close to 1.1 and that with respect to water is 1.5 both in acetone and acetonitrile. This shows that i...

A direct comparison measurement of fluorescent nuclear track detectors (FNTDs) and a thimble ionisation chamber is presented. Irradiations were performed using monoenergetic protons (142.66 MeV, ϕ=3×10(6) cm(-2)) and carbon ions (270.55 MeV u(-1), ϕ=3 × 10(6) cm(-2)). It was found that absorbed dose to water values as determined by fluence measurements using FNTDs are, in case of protons, in go...