The role of solution chemistry (cation charge and concentration) and particle size on colloid transport was examined in an intact monolith of fractured shale saprolite (highly weathered rock). Recovery of the microsphere tracers consistently decreased with increasing ionic strength of either mono- (Na+) or divalent- (Ca2+) dominated solutions, but a much greater concentration of Na+ in the infl...

Kankkunen, T., 2002. Controlled transdermal drug delivery by iontophoresis and ionexchange fiber. Dissertationes Biocentri Viikki Universitatis Helsingiensis 17/2002, pp. 57 ISBN 952-10-0313-8 (print) ISBN 952-10-0314-6 (pdf) ISSN 1239-9469 A common aim in the development of new transdermal devices is the controlled delivery of drugs, so that the rate of drug input into the blood stream is pred...

The ionic covalent organic framework shows excellent scavenging ability towards [PdCl4]2? in aqueous solution via an ion exchange process. loaded can be further reduced into Pd nanoparticles for catalyzing Suzuki coupling reactions.

Attention is drawn to the fact that the non-linear electrical currentvoltage characteristic of porous track-etched poly(ethylene terephtalate) membranes, reported by Wolf, Siwy, Korchev and Spohr in Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 4 (1999) 553-565, is very similar to that observed with cross-linked polyelectrolyte gel membranes with negatively charged fixed ionic groups (cation exchange membranes). This...

We introduce a comprehensive model of a mucin-like polyelectrolyte gel swelling-deswelling which includes the ion-mediated crosslinking of polymer strands and the exchange of divalent and monovalent ions in the gel. The gel is modeled as a multi-phase mixture which accounts for the polymer and solvent volume fractions and velocities as well as ionic species concentrations. Motion is determined ...

A perfluorinated carboxylic acid membrane, i.e. Flemion, shows improved performance as actuator material compared with Nafion (perfluorinated sulfonic acid). Flemion has a higher ion exchange capacity and good mechanical strength. In particular, Flemion will deform with no back relaxation under applied electrical stimulus. However, with water as solvent, the operation of Flemion in air has seri...

This article describes 1) a methodology for the green synthesis of a class of methylammonium and methylphosphonium ionic liquids (ILs), 2) how to tune their acid-base properties by anion exchange, 3) complete neat-phase NMR spectroscopic characterisation of these materials and 4) their application as active organocatalysts for base-promoted carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Methylation of t...

Electrically induced ionic motion offers a new way to realize voltage-controlled magnetism, opening the door generation of logic, sensor, and data storage technologies. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach magneto-ionically electrically tune exchange bias in Gd/Ni$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O thin films (x=0.50, 0.67), where neither layers alone is ferromagnetic at room temperature. The Gd capping la...