Financial instruments are one of the fundamental dimensions of financial markets that guarantee their efficiency and effectiveness of these markets. These instruments playe a main role in economy to direct money from saving sources to investment needs. These instruments provide possibility of financing companies from public and private sources and also are considered as investment instruments f...

Interconnection pricing in network industries that discriminates between affiliated and unaffiliated consumers is a form of partial incompatibility. This paper measures the magnitude of the effects this incompatibility has on competition, welfare, and investment in the retail banking industry, where banks’ ATM networks are connected to one another and unaffiliated consumers face interconnection...

Development of E-banking has modified the structure of banking business and banking performance, efficiency, risk and challenges which have also been articulately recognized based on the international best practices. E-banking brazenly expedites and streamlines financial transactions via enhancing technology and expanding the bank services in comparison with conventional banking. Accordingly, o...

Risk Management in Chinese banks has traditionally been the Cinderella of its internal functions. Political stricture and developmental imperative have often overridden standard practice of risk management resulting in large non-performing loan (NPL) ratios. One of the stated aims of opening up the Chinese banks to foreign strategic investment is the development of risk management functions. In...

In practical situations, distribution network loads are the mixtures of residential, industrial, and commercial types. This paper presents a hybrid optimization algorithm for the optimal placement of shunt capacitor banks in radial distribution networks in the presence of different voltage-dependent load models. The algorithm is based on the combination of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Binary Part...

An influential literature has emerged around the premise that there exists an uneasy tension between (1) bank-firm relationships that promote incentives for firm—specific investments by banks, and (2) competition between banks that can destroy such incentives. This paper studies the industrial organization of the investment banking market in order to shed light on how this tension may be resolv...

Received April 5, 2016 Revised May 10, 2016 Approved June 18, 2016 The financial surface of the globe at all times reveals a weird balanced impact of the public investment preferences, their understanding about the investment requirements, their anticipation of returns on their investments etc. Perhaps forecasting the growth of the business world would be crucial without an apposite comprehensi...