plant extracts, like phytoecdysteroids, are currently studied because of the possibility of their use in plant protection. phytoecdysteroids are insect steroid hormone analogues, and they are believed to deter invertebrates from plants, either by acting as antifeedants or by being toxic through hormonal disruption on ingestion. we describe here the effects of extract from spinacia oleracea l. (...

Introduction: Acceptance test is a necessary procedure after SPECT system installation. The goal of this test is to reveal system's present condition, to compare it with manufacturer's specifications and also as a base for later tests. Methods: This study investigated four SPECT systems in Tehran. All of the quality control tests are performed on the basis of NEMA and IAEA recommendations...

Background and Objectives: The organizational commitment of the staff that ensures their continuous and effective presence in the organization is one of the determinants of organizational development. Religion and religious orientation can affect organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between organizational commitment and religious orientation in...

PURPOSE The problem of optimal strategy in cancer chemotherapy is reconsidered. Two incompatible goals should be completed: the number of cancer cells in the patient's body should be reduced and the toxic effect of the therapy should be minimized. Such problem may be formulated in optimal control. The control function is the amount of the drug administered in the time unit. METHODS The Malthu...

life table parameters of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hã¼bner), on four sugar beet cultivars (renger, fd0005, dorothea and shirin) were studied in laboratory at 27 â± 1â°c, 60 â± 5% rh and a photoperiod of 16l: 8d hours. the larvae successfully developed on all cultivars. the shortest and longest total developmental time were recorded on fd0005 and renger, respectively. the development...

The impact of an insect-free artificial diet provided at nymphal and/or adult stage upon the developmental rate, life table parameters, and fertility table parameters was examined for Podisus maculiventris (Say). This study showed that when fed an insect-free artificial diet during both the nymphal and adult stage, developmental time was prolonged, preoviposition period was extended, and reprod...

the effect of host diet on developmental time, fecundity and life-table parameters of bracon hebetor (say) (hymenoptera: braconidae) against the mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella (zeller) was studied in the laboratory condition at 26 ± 1 °c, 65 ± 5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16l:8d h. the diets used were rice, barley, corn and wheat flours. the developmental time (egg to...