The 4- to 6-year outcome of initial endodontic treatment was assessed for phase III (1998-1999) of the Toronto Study. Of the 532 teeth treated, 248 were from discontinuers (excluded), 142 from dropouts, 10 extracted, and 132 (50% recall) examined for outcome: healed (no apical periodontitis [AP], signs, symptoms) or diseased. Phase III was analyzed alone and combined with phases I, II (n = 373 ...

Introduction. The placement of ring or band around the gastric tube might prevent the dilation after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG). We describe the first randomized study comparing LSG and Laparoscopic Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy (LBSG). Material and Method. Fifty obese patients were enrolled in the study between January 2014 and January 2015. We analysed differences in operative time, co...

For Choledochal cyst type I, complete excision of cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis is the treatment of choice. It has been performed laparoscopically with the advancement of laparoscopic skill. Recently, a telemanipulative robotic surgical system was introduced, providing laparoscopic instruments with wrist-arm technology and 3-dimensional visualization of the operative field...

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety, efficacy, and stone-free rate (SFR) of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the management of lower calyceal stones of ⩽2 cm, and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 120 patients with lower calyceal stones of ⩽2 cm were randomly divided into two equal groups: G...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine if racial differences exist in the rate of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS All intraoperative complications during cataract surgery were prospectively reported as part of a clinical audit programme. A retrospective review of all patients who sustained a PCR during cataract surgery b...

BACKGROUND The laparoscopic approach for appendicectomy in pregnancy was not considered the preferred procedure until recently. The aim of this study was to examine our experience with laparoscopic appendicectomy in pregnancy and review the scientific evidence available in the medical literature. METHOD The clinical data of all patients who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy during pregnan...

Positioning of the head during posterior cervical decompression and fusion requires invasive techniques (eg, pins placed through the skull) and manual repositioning intraoperatively. This article describes a new technique with a noninvasive device for such positioning. From February 2005 until June 2010 at our institution, 94 patients underwent posterior cervical decompression and fusion with i...

A cataract surgery technique is described in which incisions, continuous circular capsulorhexis and hydrodissection are made without the use of any viscoelastics. Two small incisions are created through which the different parts of the procedure can take place, maintaining a stable anterior chamber under continuous irrigation. Subsequent bimanual phacoemulsification can be done through these mi...

OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) to treat renal stones in different age groups of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 947 patients who underwent RIRS for renal calculi between January 2008 and January 2014. Age at RIRS was analysed both as a continuous and categorical variable and patients were categorized...

I read with interest the paper entitled, “Perioperative complications of intraventricular neuroendoscopy: a 7-year experience” by Ganjoo et al (3). They reviewed perioperative complications in patients who had undergone elective neuroendoscopic surgery. The intraoperative complications were as follows: tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension and bleeding. Hypothermia, delayed awakening and elect...