Homologous recombination and deletions occur during retroviral replication when reverse transcriptase switches templates. While recombination occurs solely by intermolecular template switching (between copackaged RNAs), deletions can occur by an intermolecular or an intramolecular template switch (within the same RNA). To directly compare the rates of intramolecular and intermolecular template ...

One of the limitations of the PKR is the poor regioselectivity observed in intermolecular reactions where unsymmetrical alkynes and alkenes can give rise to mixtures of four constitutional isomers. Inherent regiocontrol of the intramolecular PKR of enynes 3 to form bicyclic cyclopentenones 4 (Scheme 1) makes this variant appealing and it has been actively investigated since its inception in 198...

We investigate electron transport through series and parallel intramolecular circuits in the framework of the multi-level Redfield theory. Based on the assumption of weak monomer-bath couplings, the simulations depict the length and temperature dependence in six types of intramolecular circuits. In the tunneling regime, we find that the intramolecular circuit rule is only valid in the weak mono...

using the usual definitions of information and entropy in quantum gravity and statistical mechanics and the existing views about the relation between information and complexity, we examine the evolution of complexity in an ever expanding universe.

The di-heme protein Pseudomonas stutzeri cytochrome c(4) (cyt c(4)) has emerged as a useful model for studying long-range protein electron transfer (ET). Recent experimental observations have shown a dramatically different pattern of intramolecular ET between the two heme groups in different local environments. Intramolecular ET in homogeneous solution is too slow (>10 s) to be detected but fas...

the theory of contact mechanics deals with stresses and deformations which arise when the surfaces of two solid bodies are brought into contact. in elastic deformation contact occurs over a finite area. a regular method for determining the dimensions of this area is hertz contact model. appearance of atomic force microscope results in introduction of contact mechanics into biology. low elastici...

Intramolecular cyclization of nitrogen-tethered alkynyl esters catalyzed by phosphazene organosuperbases P2-tBu and P4-tBu was investigated. Both acyclic and cyclic substrates underwent 5-exo-dig and 5-endo-dig cyclization. This reaction is a rare example of the intramolecular addition of enolates of simple esters to alkynes.

An interesting rearrangement of arylvinylidenecyclopropanes having three substituents at the 1- and 2-positions of the corresponding cyclopropane catalyzed by Lewis acids to give 6aH-benzo[c]fluorine derivatives via a double intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction or to give an indene derivative via an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction is described.

During continuing studies with a novel oxidative gold oxyarylation reaction, arylsilanes were found to be competent coupling partners, providing further evidence for an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. While providing yields complementary to those of the previously described boronic acid methods, the use of trimethylsilanes reduces the observation of homocoupling by...

Standard reaction conditions for the desilylation of acetylated furanoside (riboside, arabinoside and xyloside) derivatives facilitate acyl migration. Conditions which favour intramolecular and intermolecular mechanisms have been identified with intermolecular transesterifications taking place under mild basic conditions when intramolecular orthoester formations are disfavoured. In acetyl ribos...