Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder that requires careful management. Water intoxication with hyponatremia is rare condition that originated from overhydration. Water intoxication, also known as dilutional hyponatremia, develops only because the intake of water exceeds the kidney's ability to eliminate water. Causes of this water intoxication include psychiatric disorder, force...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether or not risperidone is efficacious in treating self-induced water intoxication in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD We carried out a prospective 11-month open-label study using risperidone to treat 8 men with chronic schizophrenia and self-induced water intoxication. RESULTS The 8 men were not able to reduce their fluid consumption compared with their...

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One hundred consecutive patients (67 men, 33 women) aged from 15-55 with acute ischemic brain infarction verified by computed tomography and/or angiography and/or brain scanning were studied. In 40 cases the onset of symptoms was preceded within 24 hours by ethanol intoxication. Ethanol intoxication preceding brain infarction was 4-7 times as common in men and 6-15 times as common in women as e...

Lithium is one of the drugs used widely in the treatment of mood disorders. However, it has a very narrow therapeutic index and side effects can be seen in many organ systems, one of which affects the kidneys. We can see varying degrees of renal damage associated with acute or chronic lithium use. Lithium intoxication is diagnosed by a rise in the serum lithium concentration, but it must be rem...

In earlier publications Whipple, Stone, and Bernheim (1, 2, 3, 4) have established facts which have an important bearing on this question of proteose intoxication. Some of these points will be reviewed, but for the detailed experiments the original papers should be consulted. In this work closed loops of intestine have been used because it has been established by previous experiments that an ac...

OBJECTIVE A paucity of corroborative psychological and psychiatric evidence may be inhibiting detection of drug intoxication suicides in the United States. We evaluated the relative importance of suicide notes and psychiatric history in the classification of suicide by drug intoxication versus firearm (gunshot wound) plus hanging/suffocation-the other two major, but overtly violent methods. M...

These studies test the hypothesis that acute and chronic alcohol intoxication stimulate the release of oxygen-derived radicals in the liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intravenous bolus followed by continuous infusion of ethanol to maintain blood alcohol level at about 175 mg/dl for 0-18 hr. They were then allowed to recover from this "alcohol binge" and the release of free radicals d...

Spice is a smoking mixture containing synthetic cannabinoids with psychoactive effects similar to herbal cannabis. It is sold on the Internet and has become popular among young people. The purpose of the present study was to investigate experiences of intoxication induced by Spice, as described on a Swedish internet-based discussion forum. A systematic search yielded 40 reports, which were anal...

Tricyclic antidepressant intoxication is one of the most frequently encountered and life-threatening causes of intoxication among referrals to emergency departments due to drug intoxication. There is no known antidote against any of the tricyclic antidepressants. The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) recommends plasmapheresis to support primary treatment in this type of drug poisoning, whic...