Fuzziness is an inherent property of geographical phenomena and the processes data acquisition, processing, analysis often introduce uncertainty. Existing methods predominantly use fuzzy set (FS) theory to capture fuzziness as spatial objects. However, this approach has a conceptual confusion regarding fuzziness, uncertainty, vagueness, membership degree expressed using accurate values that ign...

The decision-making process on investing in financial markets is a very complex and difficult task, mainly due to the chaotic behavior high uncertainty development of prices investment instruments. For this reason, are increasingly using means artificial intelligence, namely fuzzy logic, which able capture nonlinear behavior.Fuzzy logic provides way draw definitive conclusions from vague, ambig...

Most research on bilevel linear programming problem  is focused on its deterministic form, in which the coefficients and decision variables in the objective functions and constraints are assumed to be crisp. In fact, due to inaccurate information, it is difficult to know exactly values of coefficients that used to construct a bilevel model. The interval set theory is suitable for describing and...

choosing the right set of projects is the first step of project oriented firms in strategic project portfolio management. since economic growth depends on environmental and social issues, sustainable development has been an essential part of firms' plans to keep their competitive advantage. moreover, market conditions, fast worldwide changes and other similar issues have given these issue ...