Introduction I. 3D organization of the chromatin in the interphase nucleus 1. Relationship of the chromatin with the nucleus structures 2. Notion of chromosomal territories 3. Topography of the territories 4. Interface between neighbor territories 5. Organization model of the chromatin in the interphase nucleus II. Relative evolution of the territories when compared to each other during the suc...

Mathematically, the problem considered here is that of heteroclinic connections for a system of two second order differential equations of gradient type, in which a small parameter ǫ conveys a singular perturbation. The motivation comes from a multi-order-parameter phase field model developed by Braun et al [5] and [23] for the description of crystalline interphase boundaries. In this, the smal...

Terminal meristems are responsible for all primary growth of roots. It has been asserted that all cells of root meristems are actively dividing (no cells cycle slowly or arrest in the cycle) and stem cell populations expand exponentially. Because cells do not slide relative to each other in roots, relative cell lengths may be used to determine relative cell cycle durations and/or proportions of...

When higher eukaryotic cells enter mitosis, membrane organization changes dramatically and traffic between membrane compartments is inhibited. Since membrane transport along microtubules is involved in secretion, endocytosis, and the positioning of organelles during interphase, we have explored whether the mitotic reorganization of membrane could involve a change in microtubule-based membrane t...

INTRODUCTION Impaired T cell function in sepsis is associated with poor outcome, but the mechanisms are unclear. In cancer, arginase-expressing myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) deplete arginine, impair T cell receptor CD3 zeta-chain expression and T cell function and are linked to poor clinical outcome, but their role during acute human infectious disease and in particular sepsis remain...

Cep192 is a centrosomal protein that contributes to the formation and function of the mitotic spindle in mammalian cells. Cep192's mitotic activities stem largely from its role in the recruitment to the centrosome of numerous additional proteins such as gamma-tubulin and Pericentrin. Here, we examine Cep192's function in interphase cells. Our data indicate that, as in mitosis, Cep192 stimulates...

Benzene is an established human leukemogen that increases the level of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of exposed workers. Numerical aberrations (aneusomy) can be observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in both interphase and metaphase cells. Whereas interphase FISH allows nondividing cells to be analyzed, one advantage of metaphase FISH is that it can also detect structural...

Chromosomes are not distributed randomly in nuclei. Appropriate positioning can activate (or repress) genes by bringing them closer to active (or inactive) compartments like euchromatin (or heterochromatin), and this is usually assumed to be driven by specific local forces (e.g., involving H bonds between nucleosomes or between nucleosomes and the lamina). Using Monte Carlo simulations, we demo...

Clear organizational patterns on the genome have emerged from the statistics of population studies of fixed cells. However, how these results translate into the dynamics of individual living cells remains unexplored. We use statistical mechanics models derived from polymer physics to inquire into the effects that chromosome properties and dynamics have in the temporal and spatial behavior of th...

The Lagrangian–Eulerian (LE) approach is used in many computational methods to simulate two-way coupled dispersed two-phase flows. These include averaged equation solvers, as well as direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large-eddy simulations (LES) that approximate the dispersed-phase particles (or droplets or bubbles) as point sources. Accurate calculation of the interphase momentum transfer...