Global value chains have fundamentally transformed international trade and development in recent decades. We use matched firm-level customs manufacturing survey data, together with Input-Output tables for China, to examine how Chinese firms position themselves global production lines this evolves productivity performance over the firm lifecycle. document a sharp rise upstreamness of imports, st...

Due to the unavailability of accurate data and limitations existing methods, reliable input–output tables (IOTs) may not be available for all regions in a country. This study propose...

the main goal of this paper is to study the economic study the economic structure of transportation sector in irans economy within the last three decades. comparative, static input-output analysis method has been used with the help of four tables related to 1973, 1986, 1991 and 2000. for this purpose, traditional backward and forward linkages indicator of structural analysis has been used in th...

background & aim: energy is one of important debates in agriculture ecology and for this reason; the ratio of output and input energy in different agriculture ecosystems has been calculated. if one can reduce, input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and lab our force. in addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a ...