A career in dental academics offers ample rewards and challenges. To promote successful careers in dental education, prospective and new dental faculty should possess a realistic view of the dental school work environment, akin to the informed consent so valuable to patients and doctors. Self-assessment of personal strengths and weaknesses provides helpful information in matching faculty applic...

This study readdresses the loss of Negative Concord (NC) in Standard English. A detailed study of negation in Late Middle English and Early Modern English reveals that the loss of NC was a case of a natural change triggered by some internal factors. A close study of n-words in negative contexts and their ultimate replacement with negative polarity items (NPIs) in a number of grammatical environ...

A key question for understanding speech evolution is whether or not the vocalizations of our closest living relatives-nonhuman primates-represent the precursors to speech. Some believe that primate vocalizations are not volitional but are instead inextricably linked to internal states like arousal and thus bear little resemblance to human speech. Others disagree and believe that since many prim...

OBJECTIVE To investigate factors affecting the internal brain drain of healthcare professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous self-administered online questionnaire sent to all Saudi students enrolled in healthcare profession programs in North America. The data was collected between January and March 2008 at the University of ...

The specific aim of this academic study is to investigate the possible impacts of external and internal factors in the unique process of privatization on the changes of management accounting practices in listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange which more than 51% of this companies' shares have been transferred to the private sector. For this purpose, a theoretical framework scientifically bas...

Responses from a large sample of 1,029 chief audit executives (CAEs) from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the U.K./Ireland, and the U.S. are used to estimate the proportion of time spent by internal audit functions (IAF) on information technology (IT) audits. The sample is also used to investigate explanatory and control variables that are associated with the extent of IT audits by IAFs. The re...

This paper develops a method based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) for efficiency assessments taking into account the effect of non-discretionary factors. A typology that classifies the non-discretionary factors into two groups is proposed: the factors that characterize the external conditions where the decision making units (DMUs) operate (external factors), and the factors that are interna...

Although homeostatic mechanisms remain of utmost importance, rhythmic changes are present also. The main ones have a period of 24 h (circadian) or about 2-3 h (ultradian). Circadian rhythms are derived from a body clock, found in the base of the brain, and from the pattern of our sleep-wake cycle, including activity and meal times. These rhythms promote the regular changes between an active wak...

the speed of the development and changes of technology is so fast and astonishing that causes the increase of stress and diminishing societies health. there are some factors involved in the creation of the stress. those factors included as the stresses caused by external factors of the organization internal factors of the organization, collective and individual stresses. the relationship betwee...

background: for medical students, the selection of a specialty is one of the most critical decisions to be made. on a personal level, it determines lifetime career achievements and, for the community, it directly affects the outcome of public health programs. the aim of this study was to investigate which factors were more important among iranian residents when considering a specialty. methods:...