Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is a binary toxin composed of an enzymatic component (Ia) and a binding component (Ib). The oligomer of Ib formed in membranes induces endocytosis. We examined the binding and internalization of Ib by using Cy3-labeled Ib. Labeled Ib was retained at the membranes of MDCK cells for 60 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, and later it was detected in cytoplasmic v...

OBJECTIVES Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes pulmonary toxicity. Infliximab (Ib) is a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We aimed to investigate whether Ib has a protective effect on CCl4 induced lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into control, CCl4, and CCl4+Ib groups. A single dose of 2 ml/kg CCI4 was administered to CCI4 group and a single dose of 7...

The elastic modulus of cellulose Ib in the axial and transverse directions was obtained from atomistic simulations using both the standard uniform deformation approach and a complementary approach based on nanoscale indentation. This allowed comparisons between the methods and closer connectivity to experimental measurement techniques. A reactive force field was used that explicitly describes h...

Nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons can be classified into nonpeptidergic IB(4)(+) and peptidergic IB(4)(-) subtypes, which terminate in different layers in dorsal horn and transmit pain along different ascending pathways, and display different firing properties. Voltage-gated, tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(v)1.8 channels are expressed in both IB(4)(+) and IB(4)(-) cells and prod...

Background: Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has been shown to play an important role in resistance not only to quinolones, but also β-lactams and aminoglycosides. In fact, qnr genes are frequently carried along with β-lactamase determinants on the same plasmids. We studied the prevalence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes among quinolone and cephalosporin resistant clinica...