1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

Introduction: Studies with adults have shown that an external focus of attention results in more learning and greater automaticity than an internal focus. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of attentional focus instructions on learning of balance skill amongst patients with Parkinson disease. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, all Parkinson's disease patients referr...

the present research was conducted to explore the effect of employing two language teaching approaches, i.e. schema-based instruction (sbi) and translation-based instruction (tbi), on vocabulary knowledge, structure and reading comprehension ability of forty one female students learning english in grade one senior high school in rivash, kuhsorkh, iran. while sbi focuses on schemata, i.e. words ...

the study of air infiltration into the buildings is important from several perspectives that may be noted to energy and design of hvac systems, indoor air quality and thermal comfort and design of smoke control systems. given the importance of this issue, an experimental and numerical study of air infiltration through conventional doors and windows has been explored in iran. to this end, at fir...

Background and Objective: The high levels of sensitivity and job stress for nurses require a necessity of voluntary extra-role behavior known as customer oriented citizenship behavior (COCB). The aim of this research was to examine the influence of the most important factors on COCB in nurses. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were gathered by a questionnaire from 198 e...

Background & Objectives: The lateral nasal osteotomy is an integral part of cosmetic surgery (rhinoplasty). A reproducible and predictable technique with the least complication is a significant contributor to operation success. Regarding the different techniques and instrumentation for osteotomy, this study was carried out with the aim of comparison of ecchymosis severity due to lateral osteoto...

Introduction: In the way of public policy implementation, there are many factors and obstacles, the identification of which will lead to the effective implementation of policies adopted for that area. Method: The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the obstacles to the implementation of Iran's social welfare policies. The research is of a meta-composite ...