Whenever the problem of relationship between culture and politics is addressed, Julien Benda undoubtedly remains most frequently mentioned author at international level. His indictment intellectuals’ betrayal as famous his speeches to European nation, published in 1933, about five years later than widely diffused La Trahison des clercs. Throughout Discours à la nation européenne, explicitly add...

From the 1920s onwards, Soviet Union became a favourite destination for Italian writers, travellers who took it upon themselves to interpret and present new world readers by sending articles newspapers magazines, most of which were later published as monographs. The study aims investigate reasons that drove so many intellectuals visit Russia territories after October. Through references histori...

This essay argues that taking the economy seriously in histories of science could not only extend the range of activities studied but also change--often quite radically--our understanding of well-known cases and instances in twentieth-century science. It shows how scientific intellectuals and historians of science have followed the money as a means of critique of particular forms of science and...

Multiple authorship is so common and pervasive in our world that it is tempting to take it for granted. Prior to the twentieth century, however, multiple authorship was exceedingly rare. This essay addresses the issue of whether in the past collaboration was less common or was acknowledged in different forms. I focus on the 1660s circle of intellectuals fluctuating around the Cimento Academy be...

L udwig von Mises observed, "It is customary to trace the influence that the milieu exerted upon the achievements of genius" (1969, p. 9). He goes on to suggest that, whatever the general merit of the custom, it is unsound when applied to the great thinkers of Austria. Not heeding Mises' warning, eminent philosopher and historian of science Stephen Toulmin, along with his coauthor Allan Janik, ...