Nowadays, developing an integrated energy system (IES) is considered as effective pattern to improve efficiency and reduce supply costs. This study proposes a new index—convertibility index (CI)—to quantitatively assess the flexibility of IES regarding conversion processes between different flow types. Based on CI constraint, planning problem modeled bi-level optimization problem. To solve prop...

the aim of this study was the increasing of leachate quality using integrated membrane bioreactor (mbr). the reactor was fed with treated leachate with overall 70-1360 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (cod). the analysis of cod, biochemical oxygen demand (bod5), total suspended solids (tss), and total dissolved solids (tds) were performed in feed and filtrate, whenever the system reached steady stat...