Abstract Diabetes is one of the most devastating global diseases with an ever-increasing number patients. Achieving persistent glycemic control in a painless and convenient way unmet goal for diabetes management. Insulin therapy commonly utilized treatment usually relies on patient self-injection. This not only impairs patient’s quality life fails to precisely blood glucose level but also bring...

AIM To compare bolus insulin delivery patterns during closed-loop home studies in adults with suboptimally [HbA1c 58-86 mmol/mol (7.5%-10%)] and well-controlled [58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%)] Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Retrospective analysis of daytime and night-time insulin delivery during home use of closed-loop over 4 weeks. Daytime and night-time controller effort, defined as amount of insulin deli...

Insulin, at physiological concentrations, regulates the volume of microvasculature perfused within skeletal and cardiac muscle. It can also, by relaxing the larger resistance vessels, increase total muscle blood flow. Both of these effects require endothelial cell nitric oxide generation and smooth muscle cell relaxation, and each could increase delivery of insulin and nutrients to muscle. The ...

IntroductIon Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease resulted from insufficient secretion of hormone insulin. DM is mainly classified into Type 1 (or insulin dependent diabetes), which is characterized by absence of insulin secretion, due to destruction of the β-cells of pancreas, and Type 2 (or insulin independent diabetes), which is characterized by reduced action of insulin. Th...

Address for correspondence: William T. Cefalu Department of Medicine University of Vermont, College of Medicine UHC Campus,Arnold 3433 One South Prospect Street Burlington,Vermont 05401 United States Telephone: (802) 847-8901 E-mail: william.cefalu@ uvm.edu 43 noninvasive insulin delivery systems INTRODUCTION Since its discovery, insulin has been the mainstay of treatment for patients with type...

An isotopic method was used in conscious rats to determine the roles of glucose transport and the transsarcolemmal glucose gradient (TSGG) in control of basal and insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. Rats received an intravenous 3- O-[3H]methylglucose (3- O-[3H]MG) infusion from -100 to 40 min and a 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose infusion from 0 to 40 min to calculate a glucose metabolic index (Rg). ...

BACKGROUND Intradermal (ID) delivery has been shown to accelerate insulin pharmacokinetics (PK). We compared the PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of insulin lispro administered before two daily standardized solid mixed meals (breakfast and lunch), using microneedle-based ID or traditional subcutaneous (SC) delivery. METHOD The study included 22 subjects with type 1 diabetes in an eight-arm...

The aim of the present work was to prepare and characterize biopolymer nanocarriers and evaluate their suitability in possible oral delivery of insulin. The egg albumin biopolymer was used to prepare nanoparticles which were further characterized by Fourier transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, Dynam...

This study proposes a new concept of pH-sensitive poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticle composite microcapsules for oral delivery of insulin. Firstly, insulin-sodium oleate complex was prepared by the hydrophobic ion pairing method and then encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles by the emulsion solvent diffusion method. In order to reduce the burst release of insulin from PLGA nanopartic...