Cooling greenhouses is essential to provide a suitable environment for plant growth in arid regions characterized by brackish water resources. However, using conventional cooling methods are facing many challenges. Filtering out near infra-red radiation (NIR) at the greenhouse cover can significantly reduce the heating load and can solve the overheating problem of the greenhouse air. This paper...

A low-cost, manufacturable defect gettering and passivation treatment, involving simultaneous anneal of a PECVD SiNx film and a screen-printed Al layer, is found to improve the lifetime in Si ribbon materials from 1-10 μs to over 20 μs. Our results indicate that the optimum anneal temperature for SiNx-induced hydrogenation is 700°C for EFG and increases to 825°C when Al is present on the back o...

Oocyte cryopreservation is of key importance in the preservation and propagation of germplasm. Interest in oocyte cryopreservation has increased in recent years due to the application of assisted reproductive technologies in farm animals such as in vitro fertilization, nuclear transfer and the need for the establishment of ova/gene banks worldwide. However, the cryopreservation of the female ga...

X-ray reflectivity measurements of the glass transition in thin polystyrene films supported on Si substrates were performed at slow cooling rates ranging from 0.62 to 0.01 (°)C/min. At a cooling rate of 0.14 (°)C/min, a depression in the glass transition temperature Tg was clearly observed with decreasing thickness. However, at a cooling rate of 0.62 (°)C/min, only a slight decrease in Tg for a...

CIS (Cu-InSe) thin films were prepared onto glass substrate by the two stage process—generally called bilayer process. At first, Cu layer was deposited onto glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique and then InSe single layer was deposited on the resulting Cu layer to produce CIS thin film. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis revealed that deposited film has an amorphous nature. Elect...

2D β-Ga2O3 flakes on a continuous 2D graphene film were prepared by a one-step chemical vapor deposition on liquid gallium surface. The composite was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results indicate that Ga2O3 flakes grew on the surface of graphene ...

This article investigated 36 administrative villages in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province. The questionnaires ask about the issuance of local rural sanitation, solid waste, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, the use of plastic film and environmental protection activities. Statistics based on the questionnaires are as follows: Organic Waste is the major part of rural sol...

We have measured the kinetic energy of positronium (Ps) atoms emitted into a vacuum from a porous silica film subsequent to positron bombardment, via the Doppler spread of the linewidth of the Ps 13S-23P transition. We find that the deeper in the target film that positrons are implanted the colder is the emitted Ps, an effect we attribute to cooling via collisions in the pores as the atoms diff...

The development of modernity in early human populations has been linked to pulsed phases of technological and behavioural innovation within the Middle Stone Age of South Africa. However, the trigger for these intermittent pulses of technological innovation is an enigma. Here we show that, contrary to some previous studies, the occurrence of innovation was tightly linked to abrupt climate change...