Background: Children must be recognized as a sensitive population based on having biological systems and organs in various stages of development. The processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of environmental contaminants within a child's body are considered less advanced than those of adults, making them more susceptible to disease outcomes following even small doses. C...

hazardous chemicals may enter the body by inhalation, ingestion, injection or dermal absorption. these exposure routes constitute the overall exposure burden on the body. most occupational exposure studies have focused on measurement of the concentration of air-borne contaminants and other possible routes of exposure are often overlooked. several studies have already highlighted the importance ...

13C-methionine breath test has been proposed as a non-invasive tool for the assessment of human hepatic mithocondrial function. Two methionine breath labeled with 13C in differents point of his molecular structure have been used for breath test analisys. Aim of this study was to compare two differently 13C-labeled methionines in the evaluation of mitochondrial oxidation in basal conditions and ...

Inhalation exposure to haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloketones (HKs) in contaminated drinking water occurs during showering. The size distribution of the aerosols generated by a shower was determined using an eight size-range particle counter, which measured particles from 0.1 to >2 microm. An exponential increase in aerosol numbers was observed while the shower water was on, while the aerosol ...

The low-dose effect and non-monotonicity hypotheses challenge key concepts in eco-toxicology and risk assessment, and also the possibility to predict the effects of a chemical at low levels of exposure from its effects at higher levels of exposure. Low-dose effects and Non-Monotonic Dose-response Curves (NMDRC) provides situations to understand impacts for toxicological risk assessment paradigm...

The study investigated the presence and concentration of possible heavy metals residues in meat processed at Tamale abattoir. A total twenty-seven (27) animal parts (liver, kidney muscles) from goats, sheep cattle were sampled analysed for using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). Means standard deviations Pb Cd concentrations computed data collected to test difference...

Coal mining and related industry can increase heavy metals (HMs) concentrations in soil, atmosphere and wheat, thereby posing metal-associated human health risk via food ingestion.  In this study, 58 samples of soil, wheat, and dust were collected from Xuzhou coal mine eastern China, six kinds of HMs Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, As and Cr were studied for their spatial distribution in wheat, enrichment in d...

CONTEXT Oral activated charcoal (AC) for toxin absorption should be applied as soon as possible. Extra-hospital AC-application on site by medical laypersons with pre-emptive obtained AC may save time, but may be inferior to AC-application by medical professionals. OBJECTIVE 1) Availability and incidence of pre-emptive stockpiling of AC on site in the German region Bavaria 2) time saved by AC-...