An investigation into the effects of a single sliding air bubble on heat transfer from a submerged, inclined surface has been undertaken. Existing literature has shown that both vapour and gas bubbles can increase heat transfer rates from adjacent heated surfaces. However, the mechanisms involved are complex and dynamic and in some cases poorly understood. The present study utilises high speed,...

The in-flight ice formation and accretion are highly dependent on weather conditions that essentially affect the heat transfer capability. When the temperature is sufficiently cold, the heat transfer is adequate to remove all of the latent heat from the collected water. The rate of rime ice accretion is controlled by the droplet collection efficiency. Otherwise, when the heat transfer is inadeq...

Ultrasonic vocalizations, emitted by rat pups when separated from their mother, littermates, and home cage, have been used as a measure of isolation distress. Recently, we demonstrated that cold exposure is the primary component of isolation that induces the vocalization. We were unable, however, to suppress all ultrasound production when transferring pups to a thermoneutral (35 degrees C) envi...

Using infrared thermography, the dimensionless local wall heat fluxNu(x, y) has been measured with high spatial resolution. The measurements at the heating plate of a cubic Rayleigh-Bénard cell show that the scaling exponent α in the Nu ∝ Ra scaling law depends on the position with respect to the surface. The results have been obtained in a small aspect ratio cell with Γx = 1, Γy = 0.26 and cle...

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were (a) to establish normative data of thermal symmetry (left vs. right) in normal subjects; (b) to compare the skin temperature in various regions between young and old people in Taiwan and between male and female. METHODS The skin surface of 57 healthy volunteers (aged 24 to 80 yr) was divided into 25 areas and measured by an infrared thermography (Avionic...

Temperature has been used to diagnose human’s health since 400 B.C. where Hippocrates reported disease is to be found whichever part of human body is in excess heat or cold. This idea is still widely applied nowadays and the advance in infrared thermography technology is furthering the idea into more sophisticated diagnosis techniques, such as detection of breast cancer. Detection of ocular dis...

Er:YAG and Ho:YAG laser beams were combined to irradiate hard tissues to achieve highly efficient ablation with low laser power. The delay time between pulses of the two lasers was controlled to irradiate alumina ceramic balls used as hard tissue models. With optimized delay time, the combined laser beam perforated the sample 40% deeper than independent radiation by either an Er:YAG or Ho:YAG l...

Illegal hunting (poaching) is a global threat to wildlife. Anti-poaching initiatives are making increasing use of technology, such as infrared thermography (IRT), to support traditional foot and vehicle patrols. To date, the effectiveness of IRT for poacher location has not been tested under field conditions, where thermal signatures are often complex. Here, we test the hypothesis that IRT will...

Thermal imaging with an infrared camera can be used to view the location and intensity of heat sources in space and time. In a thermal conductor, thermal diffusion blurs out those heat sources. Knowledge of the physics of thermal diffusion can be used to enhance the spatial and temporal resolution of thermal images. In two dimensions, quantitative reconstruction of the heat source intensity is ...

We review the state of the art and explain the need for better SO2 oxidation catalysts for the production of sulfuric acid. A high-throughput technology has been developed for the study of potential catalysts in the oxidation of SO2 to SO3. High-throughput methods are reviewed and the problems encountered with their adaptation to the corrosive conditions of SO2 oxidation are described. We show ...