abstract this study reviews the direct and indirect effects of higher energy and bread prices (due to removing their subsidies and paying their equivalent in cash instead). therefore, all consumer goods were classified into 6 groups and a linear expenditure system was estimated based on households’ budget data of 2009 and 2011 for urban and rural areas separately. the results indicate that high...

BACKGROUND Hand washing is considered as one of the most effective hygiene promotion activities for public health in developing countries. This study compared hand washing knowledge and practices in BRAC's water; sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programme areas over time. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional comparative study between baseline (2006), midline (2009) and end-line (2011) surveys...

production of family poultry is one of the activities which women in the villages participate and several factors effect on their participation in these activities. the purpose of this descriptive- correlational study was to investigate factors related to the participation level of rural women in family poultry activities. the statistical population consisted all rural households in maragheh co...

In China, many fewer girls are born than would be expected given natural birth rates. This imbalance has worsened dramatically over the last 40 years. The roughly contemporaneous fall in fertility per woman is often mooted as a source of this apparent increased demand for sex selection: fewer births make it harder to have a son by chance. Despite this, causal evidence is limited. This paper exp...