one of the most challenging problems in our country insurance industry is the phenomenon of increase of loss pay average time by insurance companies. a lot of research and analysis have been conducted on both the roots and possible solutions for this problem, none of which has had success in annihilating it. this paper presents a discrete model ) nonlinear mathematical model ( of insurance serv...

conclusions since traffic noise pollution is a high cost for tabriz residents, extensive preventive measures and comprehensive control programs by managers and city authorities as unavoidable necessities are suggested. the measures have to be taken by urban managers and decision-makers to reduce the health impact of traffic noise on tabriz residents. background noise pollution is one of the mos...

Animal healthcare services (AHS) are crucial for the profitability and sustainability of smallholder dairy production systems. The deteriorating AHS under the control of public sector has oriented towards privatization of these services. Therefore, any study analyzing the potential impact of privatization in terms of willingness to pay for such services by the rural households and access to pri...

the study investigated the levels of awareness and use of agricultural insurance scheme in kogi state of nigeria. a total of 240 respondents from eight communities were selected through a multistage random sampling technique. data collected through structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistic, percentages and sigma scoring model. the results revealed that farmers in the st...

The costs of living with wildlife are assessed using Namibian subsistence farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for deterrents to attacks on crops and livestock as a measure of damage costs. A utility-theoretic approach jointly estimates household WTP for deterrent programs in two “currencies,” maize and cash. This has a double payoff. Use of a noncash staple increases respondent comprehension and ...