New evidence has emerged over the last decade indicating that oligodendrocyte injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not a single unified phenomenon but rather a spectrum of processes ranging from massive immune destruction to a subtle cell death in the absence of significant inflammation. Experimentally, protection of oligodendrocytes against inflammatory injury results in protection against exp...

Both acute and chronic alcohol intake have been shown to independently influence the inflammatory response. Chronically, ethanol intake results in immunosuppression, although patients with chronic ethanol-induced liver injury increase their production of both hepatic and systemic inflammatory markers. In contrast, acute alcohol intake has been shown to result in a diminished injury-induced indu...

During aortic surgery, interruption of spinal cord blood flow might cause spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The incidence of spinal cord IRI after aortic surgery is up to 28%, and patients with spinal cord IRI might suffer from postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis. Spinal cord IRI includes two phases. The immediate spinal cord injury is related to acute ischemia. And the delayed...

Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it is still unclear how I/R stimuli induce inflammatory responses in the liver. NLRP3 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor and a component of NLRP3 inflammasomes that can induce caspase-1 activation, and regulate the processing of a poten...

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) is a common and an important clinical cause of renal disease, such as renal transplantation, renal artery stenosis and following shock from any cause. Inflammatory reaction after IR is regulated by various kinds of mediators. Chemokines are major mediators of the inflammation, and regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine and adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte...

Inflammatory injury in the lung or dermis occurring after systemic activation of complement or after local deposition of immune complexes is related to local activation of tissue macrophages and/or recruitment of blood neutrophils. While requirements for cytokines (IL-1, TNF alpha, MCP-1) vary with the model of injury, requirements for adhesion molecules (beta 2 integrins, selectins, ICAM-1) di...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and serious, acute non-infectious liver injury. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study, cross over design. SETTING Health records from provincial database in Saskatchewan, Canada, 1982-6. SUBJECTS 228,392 adults who contributed 645,456 person years. All were either using or had used non-steroidal anti...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The primary goal of this study was to test whether high-altitude exposure (HAE: 0.9% O(2) at 0.47 ATA for 24 hours) was capable of increasing the systemic inflammatory markers as well as the toxic organ injury indicators in rats, with a secondary goal to test whether preinduction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 by hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (HHP: 18.3% O(2) at 0.66 ATA ...

1. Inflammatory phase, duration 1-2 days 2. Degenerative and vascularization phase, until day 14 after injury onset 3. Cell-stimulating, proliferative, and fibrotic phase, until day 28 after injury onset 4. Remodeling phase, up to 3 to 6 months after injury onset Inflammatory Phase Cryotherapy to the affected area Analgesic drugs such as acetaminophen based on pain intensity Elevation of the af...

Lung injury is characterized by diffuse lung inflammation, alveolar-capillary destruction, and alveolar flooding, resulting in respiratory failure. Polydexyribonucleotide (PDRN) has an anti-inflammatory effect, decreasing inflammatory cytokines, and suppressing apoptosis. Thus, we investigated its efficacy in the treatment of lung injury, which was induced in rats using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)...