PURPOSE Connective tissue pulleys inflect the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and receive insertions from some fibers. The authors investigated insertions and anatomic relationships of fiber fascicles within rectus EOMs to clarify the relationship to their pulleys. METHODS Two human and two monkey orbits were removed intact, serially sectioned in the coronal plane, histologically stained, and digi...

OBJECTIVE To examine structural abnormalities in subregions of the prefrontal cortex in elderly patients with depression, the authors explored differences in gray matter, white matter, and CSF volumes by applying a parcellation method based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHOD Twenty-four elderly patients with major depression and 19 group-matched comparison subjects were studied with ...

PURPOSE It has been tacitly assumed that overall extraocular muscle (EOM) volume is conserved during contraction and relaxation, yet this assumption has been untested up to now. We used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if total EOM volume changes during relaxation and contraction. METHODS Surface coil MRI in quasi-coronal planes was obtained in target-controlled, ...

20 Activity in horizontal rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs) was investigated by magnetic 21 resonance imaging (MRI) of humans during asymmetrical convergence to a monocularly aligned 22 target at 15 cm distance, or monocular fixation of afocal targets placed over a wide range of 23 conjugate abduction through adduction. Cross sections and posterior partial volumes (PPV) of 24 EOMs were determin...

The study was undertaken to provide a more complete picture of donor-site morbidity following the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap harvest in breast reconstruction. Most studies evaluating this subject have been performed using ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) might provide valuable information. METHODS In 14 patients who were reconstructed with a DIEAP flap, d...

1. The reflex effect of direct mechanical stimulation of the exposed ampulla of the horizontal canal has been graphically recorded for each of the six extrinsic muscles of the eyeball. 2. Stimulation of a horizontal ampulla evokes a strong contraction of the homolateral rectus internus and of the contralateral rectus externus; at the same time the homolateral rectus externus and the contralater...