background: giardia lamblia is one of the most common protozoal infections in human especially children. metronidazol (mtz) is the drug of choice for treatment of giardiasis; its chemical composition possesses major threats and is becoming less sensitive. this study aimed to search for natural extracts alternative to mtz. methods: in-vivo effects of dichloromethane extracts of ginger and cinnam...

A stochastic epidemic model is presented to study infection transmission dynamics, and hence epidemic severity and disease incidence, in a closed population. The aim was to understand the relative importance of various parameters that influence the dynamics of potential epidemics, particularly when the genetic mechanisms of resistance or tolerance to infection are considered. Simulations explor...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. In endemic areas, HBV infection occurs mainly during infancy and early childhood, with mother to child transmission (MTCT) accounting for approximately half of the transmission routes of chronic HBV infections. Prevention of MTCT is an essential step in reducing the global burden of chronic HBV. Natal transmission accounts for...

introduction: nowadays, hiv is mostly spreading in asian countries. one of the important routes for hiv transmission in these countries is the vertical route which infects 35% to 45% of newborns. mother’s education, drug prophylaxis and cesarean section, accompanied by banning breastfeeding will decrease this rate to 2%. therefore, mothers’ knowledge about prevention of mother to child transmis...

HIV infection by maternal transmission is increasing in the world due to the increase in infected women who are not receiving appropriate antiretroviral therapy. Prognosis of HIV infection in children is poor because the newborn has an immature immune system. Early diagnosis and therapy are needed to avoid the development of AIDS. New therapies are becoming available but prevention of infection...

background and objectives: a number of different subtypes of avian influenza (ai) viruses have emerged in humans includingh5n1, h7n2, h7n7 and h9n2. these influenza viruses are excreted in the infected birds and in their respiratory secretions.the aim of this study was to investigate seropositivity against h9n2 and h7n7 viruses among poultry and slaughterhouse workers with occupational risk of ...

introduction: hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is a serious global public health problem affecting billions of people globally. the lack of information of its seroprevalence among the general population is an obstacle for formulating effective policies to reduce the burden viral hepatitis. therefore, this population based serological survey was conducted in kurdistan province, where no epidemi...

background helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection usually occurs during childhood, especially in developing countries. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of h. pylori infection among children in primary schools of rasht, a northern iranian city. methods this cross-sectional study was conducted among 961 primary school students in rasht. samples were randomly selected and st...